Université de Nantes, Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance, UFR STAPS, Nantes, France.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2013 Mar 1;114(5):523-37. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01313.2011. Epub 2012 Dec 13.
Eccentric training is a mechanical loading classically used in clinical environment to rehabilitate patients with tendinopathies. In this context, eccentric training is supposed to alter tendon mechanical properties but interaction with the other components of the muscle-tendon complex remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the specific effects of 14 wk of eccentric training on muscle and tendon mechanical properties assessed in active and passive conditions in vivo. Twenty-four subjects were randomly divided into a trained group (n = 11) and a control group (n = 13). Stiffness of the active and passive parts of the series elastic component of plantar flexors were determined using a fast stretch during submaximal isometric contraction, Achilles tendon stiffness and dissipative properties were assessed during isometric plantar flexion, and passive stiffness of gastrocnemii muscles and Achilles tendon were determined using ultrasonography while ankle joint was passively moved. A significant decrease in the active part of the series elastic component stiffness was found (P < 0.05). In contrast, a significant increase in Achilles tendon stiffness determined under passive conditions was observed (P < 0.05). No significant change in triceps surae muscles and Achilles tendon geometrical parameters was shown (P > 0.05). Specific changes in muscle and tendon involved in plantar flexion are mainly due to changes in intrinsic mechanical properties of muscle and tendon tissues. Specific assessment of both Achilles tendon and plantar flexor muscles allowed a better understanding of the functional behavior of the muscle-tendon complex and its adaptation to eccentric training.
离心训练是一种经典的机械加载方式，常用于临床环境中康复腱病患者。在这种情况下，离心训练被认为可以改变肌腱的机械性能，但与肌肉-肌腱复合体的其他组成部分的相互作用仍不清楚。本研究的目的是确定 14 周的离心训练对活体主动和被动条件下肌肉和肌腱机械性能的具体影响。24 名受试者被随机分为训练组（n=11）和对照组（n=13）。通过在亚最大等长收缩期间进行快速拉伸，确定跖屈肌串联弹性成分的主动和被动部分的刚度；在等长跖屈期间评估跟腱刚度和耗散特性；通过超声检查在被动移动踝关节时，确定腓肠肌和跟腱的被动刚度。发现主动串联弹性成分刚度显著降低（P<0.05）。相反，在被动条件下确定的跟腱刚度显著增加（P<0.05）。没有显示出腓肠肌和跟腱几何参数的显著变化（P>0.05）。参与跖屈的肌肉和肌腱的特定变化主要归因于肌肉和肌腱组织固有机械性能的变化。对跟腱和跖屈肌的特异性评估有助于更好地理解肌肉-肌腱复合体的功能行为及其对离心训练的适应。
