INRA, UMR 1347 Agroecologie, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France.
INRA, UMR 1347 Agroecologie, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France.
Chemosphere. 2013 Mar;90(10):2499-511. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.10.080. Epub 2012 Dec 14.
The temporal and spatial variability of the activity of soil microorganisms able to mineralize the herbicide isoproturon (IPU) pesticide was investigated over a three-year long crop rotation between 2008 and 2010. Isoproturon mineralization was higher in 2008, when winter wheat was treated with this herbicide, than in 2009 and 2010, when rape seed and barley were treated with different herbicides. Under laboratory conditions, we showed that isoproturon mineralization was not promoted by sulfonylurea herbicide applied on barley crop in 2010. IPU mineralization was shown to be highly variable at the field scale in years 2009 and 2010. Principal component analyses and analyses of similarities revealed that soil pH and equivalent humidity, and to a lesser extent soil organic matter content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were the main drivers of isoproturon-mineralizing activity variance. Using a rather simple model that yields the rate of isoproturon mineralization as a function of soil pH and equivalent humidity, we explained up to 85% of the variance observed. Mapping field-scale distribution of isoproturon mineralization over the three-year survey indicated higher variability in 2009 and in 2010 as compared to 2008, suggesting that isoproturon treatment applied to winter wheat promoted isoproturon mineralization activity and reduced its spatial variability. Field-scale distribution of isoproturon mineralization showed important similarity to the distribution of soil pH, equivalent humidity and to a lesser extent to soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity (CEC) thereby confirming our model.
在 2008 年至 2010 年的三年轮作期间，研究了能够矿化除草剂异丙隆（IPU）的土壤微生物活性的时间和空间变异性。在 2008 年冬小麦施用该除草剂时，异丙隆矿化作用高于 2009 年和 2010 年，当时油菜籽和大麦施用了不同的除草剂。在实验室条件下，我们表明 2010 年大麦作物上施用的磺酰脲类除草剂不会促进异丙隆矿化。在 2009 年和 2010 年，田间尺度上的 IPU 矿化作用表现出高度的可变性。主成分分析和相似性分析表明，土壤 pH 值和等效湿度，以及在较小程度上的土壤有机质含量和阳离子交换能力（CEC）是异丙隆矿化活性变异的主要驱动因素。使用一个相当简单的模型，该模型将异丙隆矿化的速率表示为土壤 pH 值和等效湿度的函数，我们解释了高达 85%的观测方差。在三年调查期间，对田间尺度上异丙隆矿化分布的绘图表明，2009 年和 2010 年的变异性高于 2008 年，表明冬季小麦施用异丙隆促进了异丙隆矿化活性并降低了其空间变异性。异丙隆矿化的田间尺度分布与土壤 pH 值、等效湿度的分布具有重要的相似性，在较小程度上与土壤有机质和阳离子交换能力（CEC）的分布相似，从而证实了我们的模型。
