FMD Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, India.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2012 Nov;11(11):1355-74. doi: 10.1586/erv.12.116.
The family Poxviridae includes several viruses of medical and veterinary importance. Global concerted efforts combined with an intensive mass-vaccination campaign with highly efficaceious live vaccine of vaccinia virus have led to eradication of smallpox. However, orthopoxviruses affecting domestic animals continue to cause outbreaks in several endemic countries. Different kinds of vaccines starting from conventional inactivated/attenuated to recombinant protein-based vaccines have been used for control of poxvirus infections. Live virus homologous vaccines are currently in use for diseases including capripox, parapox, camelpox and fowlpox, and these vaccines are highly effective in eliciting (with the exception of parapoxviruses) long-lasting immunity. Attenuated strains of poxviruses have been exploited as vectored vaccines to deliver heterologous immunogens, many of them being licensed for use in animals. Worthy of note are vaccinia virus, fowlpox virus, capripoxvirus, parapoxvirus and canary pox, which have been successfully used for developing new-generation vaccines targeting many important pathogens. Remarkable features of these vaccines are thermostability and their ability to engender both cellular and humoral immune responses to the target pathogens. This article updates the important vaccines available for poxviruses of livestock and identifies some of the research gaps in the present context of poxvirus research.
痘病毒科包括一些具有医学和兽医重要性的病毒。全球协同努力以及结合使用高效的牛痘病毒活疫苗进行大规模疫苗接种运动，导致了天花的根除。然而，影响家畜的正痘病毒继续在几个流行国家引发爆发。已经使用了从传统的灭活/减毒到基于重组蛋白的疫苗等不同类型的疫苗来控制痘病毒感染。目前正在使用活病毒同源疫苗来预防山羊痘、副牛痘、骆驼痘和禽痘等疾病，这些疫苗在引起（除副痘病毒外）持久免疫力方面非常有效。痘病毒的减毒株被用作载体疫苗来传递异源免疫原，其中许多已获得在动物中使用的许可。值得注意的是，牛痘病毒、禽痘病毒、山羊痘病毒、副牛痘病毒和金丝雀痘病毒已成功用于开发针对许多重要病原体的新一代疫苗。这些疫苗的显著特点是热稳定性及其诱导针对目标病原体的细胞和体液免疫反应的能力。本文更新了针对家畜痘病毒的重要疫苗，并确定了当前痘病毒研究背景下的一些研究空白。
