Magnetostructural correlation for rational design of Mn(II) hybrid-spin complexes.

The magnetic properties of a series of manganese(II) diacetylacetonate and dihexafluoroacetylacetonate hybrid-spin complexes with neutral pyridine-based organic radicals were characterized theoretically by DFT calculations. Three stable radicals, in which a radical group is bound in either para or meta position with respect to the pyridine nitrogen atom, were considered. The correct stable structures and multiplets of the complexes were obtained by full geometry optimization starting from an ideal structure. A total of three important geometry descriptors of the complexes were monitored and related to their magnetic characteristics. These structural parameters are (i) the torsion angle governing the conjugation of the organic radical m-PyNO (anti versus gauche), (ii) the coordination geometry of the acetyl acetonate ligands around the metal ion (square versus rhombic), and (iii) the relative orientation of the organic radical with respect to the acetyl acetonate plane (parallel versus perpendicular). It was found that the magnetic properties are not sensitive to the orientation of the radicals with respect to the equatorial plane but do depend on the conformation of the organic radicals. Even a spin switch between the ferromagnetic (S = (7)/(2)) and antiferromagnetic (S = (3)/(2)) ground state was found to be feasible for one of the complexes upon variation of the organic radical geometry, namely, the dihedral angle between the organic radical moiety and the pyridine ring. The pattern of molecular orbital overlap was determined to be the key factor governing the exchange coupling in the modeled systems. Bonding π-type overlap provides antiferromagnetic coupling in all complexes of the para radicals. In the meta analogues, the spins are coupled through the σ orbitals. A low-spin ground state occurs whenever a continuous σ-overlap pathway is present in the complex. Ferromagnetic interaction requires σ-π orthogonality of the pyridine atomic orbitals and/or π-antibonding Mn-pyridine natural orbital overlap. Using an estimate of the donor-acceptor energy stabilization, the affinity of a given Mn(II) d-orbital to mix with the sp(2) orbital from pyridine can be predicted.