Conte Giulio, Coppini Lucia, Demola Maria Antonietta, Ardissino Diego
UOC di Cardiologia, Dipartimento Cardio-Nefro-Polmonare, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Italy.
G Ital Cardiol (Rome). 2013 Jan;14(1):76-8. doi: 10.1714/1207.13375.
Short-coupled variant of torsade de pointes (TdP) is an uncommon variant of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia with unknown etiology. It is initiated by a closely coupled premature ventricular complex (<300 ms) in the absence of QT prolongation and structural heart disease. Verapamil seems to be the only drug able to suppress the arrhythmia but, as it does not reduce the risk of sudden death, implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is recommended. We describe the case of a 46-year-old woman referred to our Emergency Department because of palpitations. The initial ECG showed a non-sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia with a borderline QTc interval (450 ms). After admission, the patient experienced an episode of TdP that started after short-coupling interval (280 ms) between the last sinus beat and the ventricular premature beat (VPB). DC-shock restored sinus rhythm. Physical examination, exercise testing, echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance were all normal, and she had no family history of sudden cardiac death. Baseline ECG showed sinus rhythm and unifocal VPBs with the same morphology of the VPB of TdP. The patient received an ICD and was treated medically with verapamil. She was discharged from the hospital on oral therapy with verapamil (240 mg/day), and she was free of recurrence 12 months later when an electrical storm occurred. The verapamil dose was therefore increased to 480 mg/day. Unifocal VPBs disappeared from her body surface ECG, and the subsequent 3-year follow-up was uneventful.
短联律尖端扭转型室性心动过速(TdP)是一种病因不明的多形性室性心动过速的罕见类型。它由紧密联律的室性早搏(<300毫秒)引发,且不存在QT间期延长和结构性心脏病。维拉帕米似乎是唯一能够抑制这种心律失常的药物,但由于它不能降低猝死风险,因此建议植入心脏复律除颤器(ICD)。我们描述了一名46岁女性因心悸被转诊至我院急诊科的病例。初始心电图显示为非持续性多形性室性心动过速,QTc间期临界(450毫秒)。入院后,患者经历了一次TdP发作,发作始于最后一个窦性搏动与室性早搏(VPB)之间的短联律间期(280毫秒)。直流电除颤恢复了窦性心律。体格检查、运动试验、超声心动图和心脏磁共振检查均正常,且她无心脏性猝死家族史。基线心电图显示窦性心律和形态与TdP的VPB相同的单形性VPB。该患者接受了ICD植入,并接受维拉帕米药物治疗。她出院时接受维拉帕米口服治疗(240毫克/天),12个月后发生电风暴时未再复发。因此,维拉帕米剂量增加至480毫克/天。体表心电图上的单形性VPB消失,随后的3年随访情况良好。