Abadía César B, Pinilla María Y A, Ariza Katerine R, Ruíz Héctor C S
Centro de Estudios Sociales, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá.
Rev Salud Publica (Bogota). 2012 Jun;14 Suppl 1:18-31. doi: 10.1590/s0124-00642012000700003.
To link, from a historical point of view, the most significant transformations of the Instituto Materno Infantil (IMI) [the oldest child and maternity hospital of the country] during its process of crisis, closure and liquidation with the experiences of the hospital workers. To find experience-based and theoretical elements that can interconnect the process of health care privatization of the country with the workers' experiences of resistance and pain/suffering.
Critically-oriented ethnography based on continuous collective field work, historical research (primary and secondary sources) and semi-structured interviews with 5 women who worked at the IMI for more than 15 years.
A time line of 4 main periods: Los años de gloria [The golden years] (up to 1990); Llega el neoliberalismo [Neoliberalism arrives] (1990-2000); La crisis y las resistencias [Crisis and resistances] (2001-2005); and Liquidación [Liquidation (2006-20??)]. The narratives of the interviewed women unveil multiple aggressions that have intensified since 2006, have caused pain and suffering and are examples of violations of human and labour rights.
We suggest to analyze the links between the different kinds of violence and pain and suffering as torture. This category is defined as the set of violent actions that cause physical and emotional pain, which are performed by actors in positions of power over other people who challenge that power and are part of modern States' ideological principles around a defined moral social order. For the IMI workers' case, the ideological principle that is being challenged is health care neoliberalism. From the analyses of bureaucracy, confinement, torturing agents, and the breaking-off of the body-mind unit we conclude that this relationship between neoliberalism and torture aims to eliminate the last health care workers of the country who had job stability and full-benefits through public labour contracts. Their elimination furthers the accumulation of capital generated by increasing over-exploitation of labour and commodification of health care.
从历史角度出发，将该国最古老的妇幼医院——妇幼研究所（IMI）在其危机、关闭和清算过程中的重大变革与医院工作人员的经历联系起来。寻找基于经验和理论的要素，将该国医疗保健私有化进程与工人的抵抗及痛苦经历联系起来。
基于持续的集体实地调查、历史研究（一手和二手资料）以及对5名在IMI工作超过15年的女性进行的半结构化访谈，开展批判性民族志研究。
确定了4个主要时期的时间线：“光辉岁月”（至1990年）；“新自由主义到来”（1990 - 2000年）；“危机与抵抗”（2001 - 2005年）；以及“清算”（2006 - 20？？年）。受访女性的叙述揭示了自2006年以来加剧的多重侵害行为，这些行为造成了痛苦和苦难，是侵犯人权和劳工权利的例证。
我们建议分析不同类型的暴力与作为酷刑的痛苦和苦难之间的联系。这一类别被定义为一系列导致身体和情感痛苦的暴力行为，这些行为由掌权者针对挑战其权力的其他人实施，并且是现代国家围绕既定道德社会秩序的意识形态原则的一部分。就IMI工作人员的情况而言，受到挑战的意识形态原则是医疗保健新自由主义。通过对官僚主义、限制、施虐主体以及身心统一的断裂进行分析，我们得出结论，新自由主义与酷刑之间的这种关系旨在清除该国最后一批通过公共劳动合同获得工作稳定性和全额福利的医疗保健工作者。他们的被清除进一步推动了因劳动力过度剥削加剧和医疗保健商品化而产生的资本积累。
