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经颅磁刺激与肌萎缩侧索硬化症:病理生理学见解。

Transcranial magnetic stimulation and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: pathophysiological insights.

机构信息

Sydney Medical School Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

出版信息

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2013 Oct;84(10):1161-70. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-304019. Epub 2012 Dec 21.

DOI:10.1136/jnnp-2012-304019
PMID:23264687
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3786661/
Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the motor neurons in the motor cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. A combination of upper and lower motor neuron dysfunction comprises the clinical ALS phenotype. Although the ALS phenotype was first observed by Charcot over 100 years ago, the site of ALS onset and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of motor neuron degeneration remain to be elucidated. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) enables non-invasive assessment of the functional integrity of the motor cortex and its corticomotoneuronal projections. To date, TMS studies have established motor cortical and corticospinal dysfunction in ALS, with cortical hyperexcitability being an early feature in sporadic forms of ALS and preceding the clinical onset of familial ALS. Taken together, a central origin of ALS is supported by TMS studies, with an anterograde transsynaptic mechanism implicated in ALS pathogenesis. Of further relevance, TMS techniques reliably distinguish ALS from mimic disorders, despite a compatible peripheral disease burden, thereby suggesting a potential diagnostic utility of TMS in ALS. This review will focus on the mechanisms underlying the generation of TMS measures used in assessment of cortical excitability, the contribution of TMS in enhancing the understanding of ALS pathophysiology and the potential diagnostic utility of TMS techniques in ALS.

摘要

肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种运动神经元在大脑皮层、脑干和脊髓中进行性退化的神经退行性疾病。上运动神经元和下运动神经元功能障碍的组合构成了临床 ALS 表型。尽管 ALS 表型早在 100 多年前就由 Charcot 首次观察到,但 ALS 的发病部位和运动神经元退化发展的病理生理机制仍有待阐明。经颅磁刺激(TMS)可用于非侵入性评估运动皮层及其皮质运动神经元投射的功能完整性。迄今为止,TMS 研究已经确定了 ALS 中的运动皮层和皮质脊髓功能障碍,皮质兴奋性增加是散发性 ALS 的早期特征,并且早于家族性 ALS 的临床发病。综上所述,TMS 研究支持 ALS 的中枢起源,提示 ALS 发病机制中存在顺行性突触传递机制。更为重要的是,尽管外周疾病负担相当,但 TMS 技术能够可靠地区分 ALS 和类似疾病,这表明 TMS 在 ALS 中的诊断应用具有潜在的实用价值。这篇综述将重点介绍用于评估皮质兴奋性的 TMS 测量的产生机制、TMS 在增强对 ALS 病理生理学的理解方面的贡献以及 TMS 技术在 ALS 中的潜在诊断应用。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/54da/3786661/d0d25119fd9f/jnnp-2012-304019f04.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/54da/3786661/44d0db6aa990/jnnp-2012-304019f01.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/54da/3786661/b6546536f1c1/jnnp-2012-304019f02.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/54da/3786661/6c5a1b39d0f6/jnnp-2012-304019f03.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/54da/3786661/d0d25119fd9f/jnnp-2012-304019f04.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/54da/3786661/44d0db6aa990/jnnp-2012-304019f01.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/54da/3786661/b6546536f1c1/jnnp-2012-304019f02.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/54da/3786661/6c5a1b39d0f6/jnnp-2012-304019f03.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/54da/3786661/d0d25119fd9f/jnnp-2012-304019f04.jpg

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