Purdue University Calumet, 2200 169th Street, Hammond, IN 46323-2094, USA.
Percept Mot Skills. 2012 Oct;115(2):443-64. doi: 10.2466/24.27.23.PMS.115.5.443-464.
The intramodal relation between perceptual similarity and categorization performance in a psychological space, as indicated by multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis of similarity judgments, was explored. Participants learned to classify transformed object shapes into three categories either visually or haptically via different training procedures (either random or systematic), followed by a transfer test. Learning modulated the psychological spaces, but this effect was more prevalent with haptic than with visual tasks. A prototype model for similarity ratings was illustrated in MDS space. The prototypes were multidimensionally scaled at the center of a category, rather than mirroring the bidirectional paths of their origins. Although they converged at the apex of two transformational trajectories, the category prototypes anchored at the centroid of their respective categories and became more structured as a function of learning. The reduced tendency to make errors (i.e., higher accuracy) in recognizing and classifying the category prototypes suggested that prototypical representation of a category abstracted from exemplar averaging functioned more as novel, rather than familiar, information. Findings were discussed in terms of transformational knowledge, categorical representation in three-dimensional (3D) space, and intramodal visual and haptic similarity.
在心理空间中，通过多维标度（MDS）分析相似性判断，探索了知觉相似性与分类性能之间的模态内关系。参与者通过不同的训练程序（随机或系统）学习通过视觉或触觉将变形物体形状分为三个类别，然后进行转移测试。学习调节了心理空间，但这种影响在触觉任务中比在视觉任务中更为明显。在 MDS 空间中说明了用于相似性评分的原型模型。原型在类别的中心进行多维缩放，而不是镜像其起源的双向路径。尽管它们在两个转换轨迹的顶点处收敛，但类别原型以其各自类别的质心为锚点，并随着学习而变得更加结构化。在识别和分类类别原型时减少错误（即更高的准确性）的趋势表明，从范例平均函数抽象出来的类别原型表示更像是新颖的信息，而不是熟悉的信息。研究结果从转换知识、三维（3D）空间中的类别表示以及模态内视觉和触觉相似性等方面进行了讨论。
