Koo C C, Ng M K, Tan A T
Department of Cardiology, Singapore General Hospital.
Ann Acad Med Singap. 1990 Jan;19(1):9-14.
This is a ten year survey of all the pacemakers implanted in the Department of Cardiology, Singapore General Hospital, from January 1980 to July 1989. There were 331 (164 male and 167 female) patients with pulse generators and leads implanted. The ages of the subjects ranged from 8 to 91 years (mean 63 years). Two-thirds of the patients were greater than 60 years. The indications for pacemaker implants were high grade atrioventricular block in 199 (60%) patients, sick sinus syndrome in 112 (34%) patients and in the remaining 20 (6%) of patients, no data was available, 298 (90%) patients had VVI pacing (133 were non-programmable and 165 were programmable pacemakers), 8 (2%) had AAI, 16 (5%) had DDD and the remaining 9 (3%) had VVIR mode of pacing. 282 (85%) of the patients had new pacemakers implanted while the remaining 49 (15%) patients had pacemaker replacements. At the time of replacement of pacemakers, 23 patients had upgrade of their non-programmable to programmable VVI pacemakers and 4 to DDD and VVIR pacing modes respectively. Furthermore, 293 (88%) patients had endocardial leads as compared to 38 (12%) with epicardial leads. In conclusion, most of the patients who require pacemaker implants will continue to have single chamber system. However, to improve longevity of the pacemakers, one should consider using low pacing threshold leads and programmable pacemakers.
这是一项对1980年1月至1989年7月间新加坡总医院心脏病科植入的所有起搏器进行的为期十年的调查。共有331名（164名男性和167名女性）患者植入了脉冲发生器和导线。研究对象的年龄在8岁至91岁之间（平均63岁）。三分之二的患者年龄大于60岁。植入起搏器的指征为：199名（60%）患者为高度房室传导阻滞，112名（34%）患者为病态窦房结综合征，其余20名（6%）患者未提供相关数据。298名（90%）患者采用VVI起搏（133台为不可程控起搏器，165台为可程控起搏器），8名（2%）采用AAI起搏，16名（5%）采用DDD起搏，其余9名（3%）采用VVIR起搏模式。282名（85%）患者植入了新的起搏器，其余49名（15%）患者进行了起搏器更换。在更换起搏器时，23名患者将其不可程控的VVI起搏器升级为可程控的，4名患者分别升级为DDD和VVIR起搏模式。此外，293名（88%）患者采用心内膜导线，38名（12%）患者采用心外膜导线。总之，大多数需要植入起搏器的患者仍将采用单腔系统。然而，为了提高起搏器的使用寿命，应考虑使用低起搏阈值导线和可程控起搏器。
