Micoulaud Franchi J-A, Vion Dury J, Cermolacce M
Unité de Neurophysiologie, Psychophysiologie et Neurophénoménologie (UNPN), Solaris, Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, 270 boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France.
Encephale. 2012 Dec;38 Suppl 3:S103-9. doi: 10.1016/S0013-7006(12)70087-8.
It is proposed an historical approach to concepts leading to the development of operational paradigms for measuring objectives neurophysiological endophenotypes. It is hypothesized that psychiatric interest for paradigms measuring Event-Related Potential (ERP) come from Bleuler (1911) and McGhie and Chapman (1961) phenomenological and clinical descriptions. They noted, first that patients with schizophrenia generally feel as if they are being flooded by an overwhelming mass of sensory input combined with a heightened sensory perception, second that they were distractible to irrelevant sensory stimuli. These subjective abnormalities may be related, first to inability to filter incongruent information measured in a double click paradigm by a deficit in P50 amplitude gating, and second to an inability to select a stimulus of interest measured in the oddball paradigm by a deficit in P300 amplitude. The analysis of these P50 and P300 ERP in cohorts of patients with schizophrenia found most of Gottesman endophenotype criteria. P50 and P300 ERP are therefore relevant neurophysiological endophenotypes. However, from a clinical point of view, these endophenotypes lack specificity. The hypothesis of this article leads us to formulate ways of research. It is shown the value of combining objective neurophysiological measures with subjective measures using self-administered questionnaires ("offline") or psychophysiological tests ("online") to develop rigorous neurophysiological experimental paradigms especially as clinical observations of their origins are not forgotten.
本文提出了一种历史方法，用于探讨那些促成测量目标神经生理内表型操作范式发展的概念。据推测，对测量事件相关电位（ERP）范式的精神病学兴趣源于布鲁勒（1911年）以及麦吉和查普曼（1961年）的现象学和临床描述。他们首先指出，精神分裂症患者通常感觉自己仿佛被大量压倒性的感觉输入所淹没，同时伴有感官知觉增强；其次，他们容易被无关的感觉刺激分散注意力。这些主观异常可能首先与通过P50波幅门控缺陷在双击范式中测量的过滤不一致信息的能力不足有关，其次与通过P300波幅缺陷在oddball范式中测量的选择感兴趣刺激的能力不足有关。对精神分裂症患者队列中这些P50和P300 ERP的分析发现了戈特斯曼的大多数内表型标准。因此，P50和P300 ERP是相关的神经生理内表型。然而，从临床角度来看，这些内表型缺乏特异性。本文的假设引导我们制定研究方法。研究表明，将客观神经生理测量与使用自我管理问卷（“离线 ”）或心理生理测试（“在线 ”）的主观测量相结合，以开发严格的神经生理实验范式具有重要价值，尤其是在不忘对其起源进行临床观察的情况下。
