Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2013 Aug;185(8):6517-29. doi: 10.1007/s10661-012-3043-9. Epub 2013 Jan 3.
Field experiments were conducted in open top chamber during rabi seasons of 2009-10 and 2010-11 at the research farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the effect of tropospheric ozone (O3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) interaction on yield and nutritional quality of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.). Mustard plants were grown from emergence to maturity under different treatments: charcoal-filtered air (CF, 80-85 % less O3 than ambient O3 and ambient CO2), nonfiltered air (NF, 5-10 % less O3 than ambient O3 and ambient CO2 ), nonfiltered air with elevated carbon dioxide (NF + CO2, NF air and 550 ± 50 ppm CO2), elevated ozone (EO, NF air and 25-35 ppb elevated O3), elevated ozone along with elevated carbon dioxide (EO + CO2, NF air, 25-35 ppb O3 and 550 ± 50 ppm CO2), and ambient chamber less control (AC, ambient O3 and CO2). Elevated O3 exposure led to reduced photosynthesis and leaf area index resulting in decreased seed yield of mustard. Elevated ozone significantly decreased the oil and micronutrient content in mustard. Thirteen to 17 ppm hour O3 exposure (accumulated over threshold of 40 ppm, AOT 40) reduced the oil content by 18-20 %. Elevated CO2 (500 ± 50 ppm) along with EO was able to counter the decline in oil content in the seed, and it increased by 11 to 13 % over EO alone. Elevated CO2, however, decreased protein, calcium, zinc, iron, magnesium, and sulfur content in seed as compared to the nonfiltered control, whereas removal of O3 from air in the charcoal-filtered treatment resulted in a significant increase in the same.
在印度农业研究所的研究农场，于 2009-10 年和 2010-11 年冬季进行了田间实验，以研究对流层臭氧 (O3) 和二氧化碳 (CO2) 相互作用对印度芥菜（Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.）产量和营养品质的影响。芥菜植物从出苗到成熟在不同处理下生长：木炭过滤空气 (CF，比环境 O3 少 80-85%，环境 CO2 不变)、未过滤空气 (NF，比环境 O3 少 5-10%，环境 CO2 不变)、含高二氧化碳的未过滤空气 (NF+CO2，NF 空气和 550±50ppm CO2)、高臭氧 (EO，NF 空气和 25-35ppb 高臭氧)、高臭氧和高二氧化碳 (EO+CO2，NF 空气，25-35ppb O3 和 550±50ppm CO2) 和环境室对照（AC，环境 O3 和 CO2）。臭氧升高会导致光合作用和叶面积指数降低，从而导致芥菜种子产量降低。臭氧升高会显著降低芥菜中的油和微量元素含量。13-17ppm 小时 O3 暴露（超过 40ppm 阈值的累积暴露量，AOT40）会使油含量降低 18-20%。高 CO2（500±50ppm）与 EO 一起能够抵消种子中油含量的下降，与单独 EO 相比，油含量增加了 11-13%。然而，与未过滤对照相比，CO2 升高会降低种子中的蛋白质、钙、锌、铁、镁和硫含量，而在木炭过滤处理中从空气中去除 O3 会导致这些元素含量显著增加。
