Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London, London, UK.
Br J Psychiatry. 2013 Jan;202(1):62-7. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.112.114389.
Despite a lack of empirical evidence, many smokers and health professionals believe that tobacco smoking reduces anxiety, which may deter smoking cessation.
The study aim was to assess whether successful smoking cessation or relapse to smoking after a quit attempt are associated with changes in anxiety.
A total of 491 smokers attending National Health Service smoking cessation clinics in England were followed up 6 months after enrolment in a trial of pharmacogenetic tailoring of nicotine replacement therapy (ISRCTN14352545).
There was a points difference of 11.8 (95% CI 7.7-16.0) in anxiety score 6 months after cessation between people who relapsed to smoking and people who attained abstinence. This reflected a three-point increase in anxiety from baseline for participants who relapsed and a nine-point decrease for participants who abstained. The increase in anxiety in those who relapsed was largest for those with a current diagnosis of psychiatric disorder and whose main reason for smoking was to cope with stress. The decrease in anxiety on abstinence was larger for these groups also.
People who achieve abstinence experience a marked reduction in anxiety whereas those who fail to quit experience a modest increase in the long term. These data contradict the assumption that smoking is a stress reliever, but suggest that failure of a quit attempt may generate anxiety.
尽管缺乏实证证据，但许多吸烟者和健康专业人士认为，吸烟可以减轻焦虑，从而可能阻止戒烟。
本研究旨在评估成功戒烟或戒烟尝试后复吸是否与焦虑变化有关。
共有 491 名吸烟者参加了英国国民保健署戒烟诊所，在一项尼古丁替代疗法基因定制试验（ISRCTN14352545）中登记后 6 个月进行了随访。
与戒烟成功的人相比，复吸的人在戒烟后 6 个月时的焦虑评分差异为 11.8 分（95%CI7.7-16.0）。这反映出复吸者的焦虑从基线时增加了 3 分，而戒烟者则减少了 9 分。对于有当前精神障碍诊断的人和主要因应对压力而吸烟的复吸者，复吸者的焦虑增加幅度最大。对于这些群体，戒烟后焦虑的减少幅度也更大。
戒烟成功的人焦虑明显减轻，而戒烟失败的人长期焦虑适度增加。这些数据与吸烟是一种缓解压力的方式的假设相矛盾，但表明戒烟尝试失败可能会产生焦虑。
