Self-assembled monolayer immobilized gold nanoparticles for plasmonic effects in small molecule organic photovoltaic.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gold nanoparticle (Au NP)-induced surface plasmons on the performance of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) that consist of copper phthalocyanine and fullerene as the active materials. The photon absorption can be enhanced by immobilization of surfactant-stabilized Au NPs on a self-assembled monolayer-modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode, and thus, the photocurrent as well as the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of these OPVs can be improved. Varying the density of the immobilized Au NPs in the devices provided no significant variation in the charge mobility but it did enhance the photocurrent. In addition, device simulation results demonstrated that the improvement in photocurrent was due to the enhancement of light absorption and the increase in charge separation, which was facilitated by the Au NPs. Overall, we attributed the improvement in PCE of OPVs to a localized surface plasmon resonance effect generated by the Au NPs.