Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2013;779:1-34. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6176-0_1.
Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the mainstay of the medical -management of colorectal cancer (CRC). Research over the last two decades has led to a molecular understanding of the oncogenic mechanisms involved in CRC and has contributed to the rational development of antineoplastics that target these mechanisms. During carcinogenesis, genetic changes often occur in molecules that play key functional roles in cancer such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell death and immune-mediated destruction of cancer cells. Here, we review novel antineoplastics that are approved or in development for CRC that target molecules associated with genetic aberrations in CRC. Some of these targeted antineoplastics have proven effective against other solid tumors and hold promise in treating CRC whereas others are now routinely used in combination with cytotoxic agents. This article reviews antineoplastics that target genetic changes in CRC, their antitumor mechanisms, and their stage of development.
细胞毒性化疗仍然是结直肠癌（CRC）医学治疗的主要手段。过去二十年的研究使人们对 CRC 涉及的致癌机制有了分子水平的理解，并有助于针对这些机制的抗肿瘤药物的合理开发。在癌变过程中，经常会发生在癌症中发挥关键功能作用的分子的遗传变化，例如细胞增殖、血管生成、细胞凋亡、细胞死亡和免疫介导的癌细胞破坏。在这里，我们综述了针对 CRC 中与遗传异常相关的分子的新型抗肿瘤药物，这些药物已被批准或正在开发中。其中一些靶向抗肿瘤药物已被证明对其他实体瘤有效，有望用于治疗 CRC，而另一些药物现在通常与细胞毒性药物联合使用。本文综述了针对 CRC 遗传变化的抗肿瘤药物、它们的抗肿瘤机制以及它们的开发阶段。
