麻醉剂 MS-222 在金头鲷（Sparus aurata）中的有效性：摄食时间和昼夜血浆 MS-222 浓度和 GST 活性变化的影响。
Effectiveness of the anaesthetic MS-222 in gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata: effect of feeding time and day-night variations in plasma MS-222 concentration and GST activity.
机构信息
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100, Spain.
出版信息
Physiol Behav. 2013 Feb 17;110-111:51-7. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.12.012. Epub 2013 Jan 2.
Feeding time is a potent zeitgeber capable of synchronising behavioural and physiological daily rhythms in fish. However, the effect of feeding time on the daily rhythm of drugs toxicity and/or effectiveness remains unexplored to date. In this paper we investigated the day/night variations in the effectiveness of an anaesthetic commonly used in fish (Tricaine, MS-222) in a teleost of great chronobiological and aquaculture interest (gilthead seabream). To this end, fish were kept under LD 12:12 and fed at mid-light (ML), mid-darkness (MD) or random times (RD). The time needed to induce anaesthesia (reduction of locomotor activity) during MS-222 exposure (65 mg/L) as well as the recovery period were investigated at ML and MD in the three experimental groups using specialised video tracking software. In addition, daily rhythms of GST activity in the liver (as an indicator of detoxification processes) and plasma MS-222 concentration (related to uptake) were determined. The results revealed that MS-222 effectiveness in the ML group was higher during the day than at night (significant reduction of activity after 3 min vs. 5 min) whereas in the MD group, the daily variation of MS-222 effectiveness was inverted (significant reduction of activity after 7 min at ML vs. 2 min at MD), suggesting that feeding time can shift the day-night variations in the effectiveness of MS-222. Hepatic GST also seemed to be affected by feeding time: in fish fed at MD or RD this enzyme activity showed significant differences during the day, and the highest levels were found at different times of the day in each group. Plasma MS-222 concentrations were higher at ML (142.4±12.8 ng/ml) than at MD (96.3±10.9 ng/ml) (t-Student, p<0.05). These results suggest that the daily variation in MS-222 concentration following exposure might be involved, among other factors, in the existence of day-night variations in the effectiveness of this anaesthetic. Furthermore, manipulation of the feeding schedule can be used to modify the daily variations in MS-222 effectiveness, which has basic as well applied implications for optimising anaesthesia protocols in fish aquaculture.
摄食时间是一种强大的授时因子，能够使鱼类的行为和生理昼夜节律同步。然而，迄今为止，摄食时间对药物毒性和/或疗效的昼夜节律的影响仍未得到探索。在本文中，我们研究了麻醉剂在鱼类中常用的麻醉剂（三卡因，MS-222）在具有重要生物钟和水产养殖意义的一种硬骨鱼（金头鲷）中的有效性的昼夜变化。为此，将鱼饲养在 LD 12:12 光照条件下，并在中光（ML）、中暗（MD）或随机时间（RD）时进行喂食。在 ML 和 MD 时，使用专门的视频跟踪软件，在三个实验组中，研究了在 MS-222 暴露（65mg/L）期间诱导麻醉（运动活性降低）所需的时间以及恢复时间。此外，还测定了肝脏 GST 活性（作为解毒过程的指标）和血浆 MS-222 浓度（与摄取有关）的昼夜节律。结果表明，ML 组中 MS-222 的有效性在白天高于夜间（3 分钟后显著降低活性，而在 5 分钟后），而在 MD 组中，MS-222 有效性的昼夜变化则相反（ML 时 7 分钟后活性显著降低，而 MD 时 2 分钟后活性显著降低），这表明摄食时间可以改变 MS-222 有效性的昼夜变化。肝 GST 似乎也受到摄食时间的影响：在 MD 或 RD 喂食的鱼中，该酶活性在白天存在显著差异，并且在每组中，不同时间出现的酶活性最高。血浆 MS-222 浓度在 ML（142.4±12.8ng/ml）时高于 MD（96.3±10.9ng/ml）（t-Student，p<0.05）。这些结果表明，暴露后 MS-222 浓度的昼夜变化可能与麻醉剂有效性的昼夜变化有关，除其他因素外。此外，饲养时间的改变可以用于改变 MS-222 有效性的昼夜变化，这对优化鱼类水产养殖中的麻醉方案具有基础和应用意义。
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