Evangelisches Krankenhaus Kalk, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. kruis @ evkk.de
Dig Dis. 2012;30 Suppl 3:81-4. doi: 10.1159/000342611. Epub 2013 Jan 3.
The intestinal ecosystem consists mainly of the enteric flora and to a large extent determines intestinal but also extraintestinal health and disease. General alterations and specific molecular changes of intestinal bacteria cause local as well as systemic immune reactions. Nonantibiotic treatment of the enteric flora has a long tradition and spans a range of different interventions from nutrition to specific probiotics and complete fecal transplantation. When comparing therapy to specific probiotics and fecal transplantation, several aspects need to be considered, like biological consequences, safety and therapeutic evidence. The introduction of probiotics into therapy occurred more than hundred years ago. In contrast, experiences with fecal transplantation are more recent and more limited. Safety issues have not been definitively clarified. Because of the different biological activities of probiotics and fecal transplantation, it can be hypothesized that they may play different roles in the treatment of various diseases. More research is needed before the details, safety and therapeutic effects of bacteriotherapy for IBD become sufficiently clear.
肠道生态系统主要由肠内菌群组成，在很大程度上决定了肠道和肠道外的健康和疾病。肠道细菌的一般改变和特定的分子变化会引起局部和全身的免疫反应。非抗生素治疗肠道菌群有着悠久的传统，包括从营养到特定益生菌和完全粪便移植的一系列不同干预措施。在将治疗方法与特定益生菌和粪便移植进行比较时，需要考虑多个方面，如生物学后果、安全性和治疗证据。益生菌被引入治疗已经有一百多年的历史了。相比之下，粪便移植的经验较为近期且更为有限。安全性问题尚未得到明确证实。由于益生菌和粪便移植具有不同的生物学活性，可以假设它们在治疗各种疾病方面可能发挥不同的作用。在 IBD 的细菌治疗的细节、安全性和治疗效果变得足够清晰之前，还需要更多的研究。
