Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dental School, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
J Clin Periodontol. 2013 Mar;40(3):311-8. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12049. Epub 2013 Jan 9.
Long term studies on single implants are scarce and merely focus on clinical response parameters, complications and bone remodelling. The objective of this retrospective case series was to assess alterations in soft tissue levels and aesthetics over a 16-22 year period in periodontally-healthy patients.
Patients who had received a single turned implant in the anterior maxilla/mandible at the Dental Specialist Clinic in Malmö between 1987 and 1993 were invited for a re-examination on the basis of a number of inclusion criteria. Both neighbouring teeth had to be present at re-examination and baseline clinical photographs (within the first year of function) had to be available for soft tissue evaluation. These photographs were superimposed onto final clinical photographs to assess longitudinal soft tissue alterations.
Twenty-one patients (nine females; mean age 23, range 16-41) treated with 24 single implants met the criteria for soft tissue evaluation. Peri-implant soft tissue levels (papillae, midfacial level) remained stable over a 16-22 year observation period (p ≥ 0.372). However, neighbouring teeth demonstrated midfacial recession and eruption pointing to a major distortion with the implant crown (> 1 mm) in 5/24 (21%) and 10/24 (42%) of the cases, respectively. Baseline aesthetics was considered poor (mean Pink Esthetic Score 7.42, mean White Esthetic Score 5.43), yet a significant time effect could not be demonstrated (p ≥ 0.552). Implant and tooth bone loss was low (mean 0.6 mm and 0.4 mm, respectively) over a 16-22 year period.
This limited case series demonstrated stable peri-implant soft tissue levels and aesthetics in the long term following single implant treatment in periodontally-healthy patients. However, midfacial recession and eruption may be expected at neighbouring teeth.
关于单牙种植体的长期研究很少，且仅关注临床反应参数、并发症和骨重建。本回顾性病例系列研究的目的是评估牙周健康患者在 16-22 年期间软组织水平和美学的变化。
根据多项纳入标准，邀请在 1987 年至 1993 年期间在马尔默牙科专家诊所接受过单个种植体治疗的患者进行复查。复查时必须存在相邻的牙齿，且必须有功能开始后一年内的基线临床照片（用于软组织评估）。这些照片被叠加到最终的临床照片上，以评估纵向软组织变化。
21 名患者（9 名女性；平均年龄 23 岁，范围 16-41 岁）接受了 24 个单牙种植体治疗，符合软组织评估标准。在 16-22 年的观察期内，种植体周围软组织水平（牙龈乳头、中央面部水平）保持稳定（p≥0.372）。然而，相邻的牙齿显示出中央面部退缩和萌出，表明种植体冠有较大的扭曲（>1mm），分别在 5/24（21%）和 10/24（42%）的病例中。基线美学被认为较差（平均粉色美学评分 7.42，平均白色美学评分 5.43），但未显示出显著的时间效应（p≥0.552）。在 16-22 年期间，种植体和牙齿的骨丢失量较低（分别为 0.6mm 和 0.4mm）。
本有限的病例系列研究表明，在牙周健康患者中，单牙种植体治疗后长期内种植体周围软组织水平和美学稳定。然而，相邻牙齿可能会出现中央面部退缩和萌出。
