Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes IBIS, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6.
Heredity (Edinb). 2013 May;110(5):484-91. doi: 10.1038/hdy.2012.113. Epub 2013 Jan 9.
Parental effects represent an important source of variation in offspring phenotypes. Depending on the specific mechanisms involved, parental effects may be caused to different degrees by either the maternal or the paternal parent, and these effects may in turn act at different stages of development. To detect parental effects acting on gene transcription regulation and length phenotype during ontogeny, the transcriptomic profiles of two reciprocal hybrids from Laval × Rupert and Laval × Domestic populations of brook charr were compared at hatching, yolk sac resorption and 15 weeks after exogenous feeding. Using a salmonid cDNA microarray, our results show that parental effects modulated gene expression among reciprocal hybrids only at the yolk sac resorption stage. In addition, Laval × Domestic and Laval × Rupert reciprocal hybrids differed in the magnitude of theses parental effects, with 199 and 630 differentially expressed transcripts, respectively. This corresponds to a maximum of 18.5% of the analyzed transcripts. These transcripts are functionally related to cell cycle, nucleic acid metabolism and intracellular protein traffic, which is consistent with observed differences associated with embryonic development and growth differences in other fish species. Our results thus illustrate how parental effects on patterns of gene transcription seem dependent on the genetic architecture of the parents. In addition, in absence of transcriptional differences, non-transcript deposits in the yolk sac could contribute to the observed length differences among the reciprocal hybrids before yolk sac resorption.
亲代效应代表了后代表型变异的一个重要来源。根据所涉及的具体机制，亲代效应可能在不同程度上由母本或父本来引起，这些效应反过来又可能在发育的不同阶段起作用。为了检测在个体发生过程中对基因转录调控和长度表型起作用的亲代效应，比较了拉瓦尔×鲁珀特和拉瓦尔×国内群体的两个正反杂交种在孵化、卵黄囊吸收和外源喂养 15 周时的转录组谱。使用鲑鱼 cDNA 微阵列，我们的结果表明，亲代效应仅在卵黄囊吸收阶段调节正反杂交种之间的基因表达。此外，拉瓦尔×国内和拉瓦尔×鲁珀特正反杂交种之间的这些亲代效应的幅度不同，分别有 199 和 630 个差异表达的转录本。这相当于分析转录本的最大数量的 18.5%。这些转录本与细胞周期、核酸代谢和细胞内蛋白质运输等功能相关，这与胚胎发育过程中观察到的差异以及其他鱼类物种的生长差异一致。因此，我们的研究结果表明，亲代对基因转录模式的影响似乎取决于父母的遗传结构。此外，在没有转录差异的情况下，卵黄囊中未转录的物质可能有助于在卵黄囊吸收前观察到正反杂交种之间的长度差异。
