School of Nursing & Center for Community Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
J Clin Nurs. 2013 Feb;22(3-4):356-67. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12042.
To characterise a sample of 202 adult community-living long-term indwelling urinary catheter users, to describe self-care practices and catheter problems, and to explore relationships among demographics, catheter practices and problems.
Long-term urinary catheter users have not been well studied, and persons using the device indefinitely for persistent urinary retention are likely to have different patterns of catheter practices and problems.
The study was a cross-sectional descriptive and exploratory analysis.
Home interviews were conducted with catheter users who provided information by self-reported recall over the previous two months. Data were analysed by descriptive statistics and tests of association between demographics, catheter practices and catheter problems.
The sample was widely diverse in age (19-96 years), race and medical diagnosis. Urethral catheters were used slightly more often (56%) than suprapubic (44%), for a mean of six years (SD 7 years). Many persons were highly disabled, with 60% having difficulty in bathing, dressing, toileting and getting out of the bed; 19% also required assistance in eating. A high percentage of catheter problems were reported with: 43% experiencing leakage (bypassing of urine), 31% having had a urinary tract infection, 24% blockage of the catheter, 23% catheter-associated pain and 12% accidental dislodgment of the catheter. Treatments of catheter-related problems contributed to additional health care utilisation, including extra nurse or clinic visits, trips to the emergency department or hospitalisation. Symptoms of catheter-associated urinary tract infections were most often related to changes in the colour or character of urine or generalised symptoms.
Catheter-related problems contribute to excess morbidity and health care utilisation and costs.
More research is needed in how to minimise catheter-associated problems in long-term catheter users. Information from this study could help inform the development of interventions in this population.
对 202 名成年社区居住的长期留置导尿患者进行样本特征描述，描述自我护理实践和导管问题，并探讨人口统计学因素、导管实践和问题之间的关系。
长期使用导尿管的患者尚未得到充分研究，对于因持续性尿潴留而无限期使用该装置的患者，其导管使用方式和问题可能存在不同模式。
该研究为横断面描述性和探索性分析。
对导管使用者进行家庭访谈，他们通过自我报告回忆提供过去两个月的信息。通过描述性统计和人口统计学因素、导管实践和导管问题之间的关联检验进行数据分析。
该样本在年龄（19-96 岁）、种族和医疗诊断方面差异广泛。尿道导管的使用频率略高于耻骨上导管（56%对 44%），平均使用时间为 6 年（标准差 7 年）。许多人身体高度残疾，60%的人洗澡、穿衣、上厕所和起床有困难；19%的人还需要帮助进食。报告了大量的导管问题，包括：43%的人出现漏尿（尿液绕过导管），31%的人患有尿路感染，24%的人出现导管堵塞，23%的人出现导管相关性疼痛，12%的人意外拔出导管。导管相关问题的治疗导致了额外的医疗保健利用，包括额外的护士或诊所就诊、前往急诊部或住院治疗。导管相关性尿路感染的症状通常与尿液颜色或特征的变化或全身性症状有关。
导管相关问题会导致发病率增加和医疗保健利用增加及成本增加。
需要进一步研究如何减少长期使用导尿管患者的导管相关问题。本研究的信息可以帮助为该人群制定干预措施提供信息。
