University of Wisconsin-Madison, Waisman Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Am J Intellect Dev Disabil. 2013 Jan;118(1):3-15. doi: 10.1352/1944-7558-118.1.3.
This methodological review draws attention to the challenges faced by intellectual and developmental disabilities researchers in the appropriate design and analysis of group comparison studies. We provide a brief overview of matching methodologies in the field, emphasizing group-matching designs used in behavioral research on cognition and language in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, Fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, and Williams syndrome. The limitations of relying on p values to establish group equivalence are discussed in the context of other existing methods: equivalence tests, propensity scores, and regression-based analyses. Our primary recommendation for advancing research on intellectual and developmental disabilities is the use of descriptive indices of adequate group matching: effect sizes (i.e., standardized mean differences) and variance ratios.
本方法学综述提请人们注意智力和发育障碍研究人员在适当设计和分析组间比较研究时所面临的挑战。我们简要概述了该领域中的匹配方法学，重点介绍了神经发育障碍（包括自闭症谱系障碍、脆性 X 综合征、唐氏综合征和威廉姆斯综合征）认知和语言行为研究中所使用的组匹配设计。我们还讨论了在其他现有方法（等效性检验、倾向评分和基于回归的分析）的背景下，依赖 p 值来确定组等效性的局限性。我们对智力和发育障碍研究的主要建议是使用充分组匹配的描述性指标：效应大小（即标准化均数差异）和方差比。
