Bakhshipour Abbas, Mahmood Aliloo Majid, Shahrokhi Hassan, Hashemi Toraj, Amiri Shahrokh, Mehdizadeh Fanid Leila, Yadegari Neda, Hagnazari Farzin
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Bolvard, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran.
ISRN Neurol. 2012;2012:637453. doi: 10.5402/2012/637453. Epub 2012 Dec 4.
Autism is a pervasive neurodevelopment disorder, primarily encompassing difficulties in the social, language, and communicative domains. One of the most common social cognitive theories of autism is based on theory of mind (ToM), the "mentalizing" ability needed to infer that others have their own beliefs and desires in order to understand their behavior. In the current study, this hypothesis was tested using Wellman and Liu's scaled ToM tasks. These were employed in the assessment of ToM development of verbal, school-aged high-functioning boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The results indicated that children with ASD performed significantly worse than normal children on ToM tasks (Z = 4.7; P < 0 .001). However, it was shown that some of the ASD children were able to pass desire and false-belief tasks whereas none of them could succeed in knowledge and real-apparent emotion tasks.
自闭症是一种广泛性神经发育障碍，主要包括社交、语言和沟通领域的困难。自闭症最常见的社会认知理论之一基于心理理论（ToM），即推断他人有自己的信念和欲望以理解其行为所需的“心理化”能力。在本研究中，使用韦尔曼和刘的量表式心理理论任务对这一假设进行了测试。这些任务用于评估患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的学龄期高功能男孩的心理理论发展情况。结果表明，患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童在心理理论任务上的表现明显比正常儿童差（Z = 4.7；P < 0.001）。然而，研究表明，一些患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童能够通过欲望和错误信念任务，而他们中没有人能在知识和真实-表面情绪任务中取得成功。
