Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
BMC Public Health. 2013 Jan 12;13:28. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-28.
Healthcare waste management options are varying in Ethiopia. One of the first critical steps in the process of developing a reliable waste management plan requires a widespread understanding of the amount and the management system. This study aimed to assess the health care waste generation rate and its management system in some selected hospitals located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Six hospitals in Addis Ababa, (three private and three public), were selected using simple random sampling method for this work. Data was recorded by using an appropriately designed questionnaire, which was completed for the period of two months. The calculations were based on the weights of the health care wastes that were regularly generated in the selected hospitals over a one week period during the year 2011. Average generation indexes were determined in relation to certain important factors, like the type of hospitals (public vs private).
The median waste generation rate was found to be varied from 0.361- 0.669 kg/patient/day, comprised of 58.69% non-hazardous and 41.31% hazardous wastes. The amount of waste generated was increased as the number of patients flow increased (rs=1). Public hospitals generated high proportion of total health care wastes (59.22%) in comparison with private hospitals (40.48%). The median waste generation rate was significantly vary between hospitals with Kruskal-Wallis test (X2=30.65, p=0.0001). The amount of waste was positively correlated with the number of patients (p < 0.05). The waste separation and treatment practices were very poor. Other alternatives for waste treatment rather than incineration such as a locally made autoclave should be evaluated and implemented.
These findings revealed that the management of health care waste at hospitals in Addis Ababa city was poor.
在埃塞俄比亚，医疗废物管理选择多种多样。制定可靠的废物管理计划的关键步骤之一是广泛了解废物产生量和管理系统。本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴部分医院的医疗废物产生率及其管理系统。
采用简单随机抽样方法，从亚的斯亚贝巴的 6 家医院（3 家私立医院和 3 家公立医院）中选择了 6 家医院。数据是通过使用专门设计的问卷记录的，该问卷是在 2011 年的一周内定期在选定的医院中记录的。根据某些重要因素（如医院类型（公立与私立）），计算出平均产生指数。
发现废物产生率中位数在 0.361-0.669 公斤/患者/天之间变化，其中 58.69%为非危险废物，41.31%为危险废物。随着患者流量的增加，废物产生量增加（rs=1）。与私立医院（40.48%）相比，公立医院产生的总医疗废物比例较高（59.22%）。中位数废物产生率在 Kruskal-Wallis 检验（X2=30.65，p=0.0001）之间存在显著差异。废物量与患者数量呈正相关（p<0.05）。废物分离和处理做法非常差。应该评估和实施其他废物处理替代焚烧的方法，例如本地制造的高压灭菌器。
这些发现表明，亚的斯亚贝巴市医院的医疗废物管理不善。
