Nicholas Leibovic K
State University of New York at Buffalo, NY, USA.
Biosystems. 2013 Jun;112(3):183-8. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2013.01.002. Epub 2013 Jan 11.
During the Second World War scientists and engineers were involved as never before in all technical phases of the war effort. It included intelligence, logistics and large scale automated computation. Much of this required team work which led to the adoption of interdisciplinary perspectives and found expression after the war in new fields of enquiry such as cybernetics, biophysics and artificial intelligence. While Europe was recovering from its devastation, the United States entered an unprecedented age of prosperity beginning in the 1940s and 50s. The political and budgetary environment was favorable for scientific research and it was felt in Europe as well as the U.S.A. I discuss some of these conditions and the figures associated with the work that became the foundation for advances throughout the second half of the 20th century and conclude with a few observations on quantitative neuroscience and the problem of representation.
第二次世界大战期间，科学家和工程师以前所未有的方式参与到战争努力的所有技术阶段。这包括情报、后勤和大规模自动化计算。其中许多工作需要团队合作，这导致了跨学科视角的采用，并在战后新的研究领域（如控制论、生物物理学和人工智能）中得以体现。当欧洲从战争的破坏中恢复时，美国从20世纪40年代和50年代开始进入了一个前所未有的繁荣时代。政治和预算环境有利于科学研究，这在欧洲和美国都有所体现。我将讨论其中的一些条件以及与这项工作相关的数据，这些工作成为了20世纪下半叶进步的基础，并以对定量神经科学和表征问题的一些观察作为结论。
