Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Am J Primatol. 2013 Mar;75(3):238-51. doi: 10.1002/ajp.22117. Epub 2013 Jan 11.
The genetics of primate life histories are poorly understood, but quantitative genetic patterns in other mammals suggest phenotypic differences among individuals early in life can be strongly affected by interactions with mothers or other caretakers. I used generalized linear mixed model extensions of complex pedigree quantitative genetic techniques to explore regression coefficients and variance components for infant and juvenile mortality rates across prereproductive age classes in the semifree ranging Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques. Using a large set of records (maximum n = 977 mothers, 6,240 offspring), strong maternal effects can be identified early in development but they rapidly "burn off" as offspring age and mothers become less consistent buffers from increasingly prominent environmental variation. The different ways behavioral ecologists and animal breeders have defined and studied maternal effects can be subsumed, and even blended, within the quantitative genetic framework. Regression coefficients identify loss of the mother, maternal age, and offspring age within their birth cohort as having significant maternal effects on offspring mortality, while variance components for maternal identity record significant maternal influence in the first month of life.
灵长类动物的生活史遗传学尚未被充分理解，但其他哺乳动物的数量遗传学模式表明，个体在生命早期的表型差异可能会受到与母亲或其他照顾者的相互作用的强烈影响。我使用复杂谱系数量遗传技术的广义线性混合模型扩展，来探索在半自由放养的卡约圣地亚哥恒河猴的生殖前年龄类中，婴儿和青少年死亡率的回归系数和方差分量。利用大量记录（最大 n = 977 位母亲，6240 名后代），可以在发育早期识别出强烈的母性效应，但随着后代年龄的增长，母亲的作用会迅速“减弱”，因为母亲作为越来越明显的环境变化的缓冲作用变得不再一致。行为生态学家和动物饲养员定义和研究母性效应的不同方式可以被包含在数量遗传框架内，甚至可以被融合。回归系数确定了失去母亲、母亲年龄和后代年龄在其出生队列中对后代死亡率的显著母性效应，而母亲身份的方差分量则记录了生命头一个月母亲的显著影响。
