Beer Jeremy M A, Freeman David A
Naval Medical Research Unit-San Antonio, 3650 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234-6315, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2012 Dec;83(12):1135-44. doi: 10.3357/asem.3243.2012.
Experiments measured the effects of laser glare on visual orientation and motion perception. Laser stimuli were varied according to spectral composition and temporal presentation as subjects identified targets' tilt (Experiment 1) and movement (Experiment 2). The objective was to determine whether the glare parameters would alter visual disruption.
Three spectral profiles (monochromatic Green vs. polychromatic White vs. alternating Red-Green) were used to produce a ring of laser glare surrounding a target. Two experiments were performed to measure the minimum contrast required to report target orientation or motion direction. The temporal glare profile was also varied: the ring was illuminated either continuously or discontinuously. Time-averaged luminance of the glare stimuli was matched across all conditions.
In both experiments, threshold (deltaL) values were approximately 0.15 log units higher in monochromatic Green than in polychromatic White conditions. In Experiment 2 (motion identification), thresholds were approximately 0.17 log units higher in rapidly flashing (6, 10, or 14 Hz) than in continuous exposure conditions.
Monochromatic extended-source laser glare disrupted orientation and motion identification more than polychromatic glare. In the motion task, pulse trains faster than 6 Hz (but below flicker fusion) elevated thresholds more than continuous glare with the same time-averaged luminance. Under these conditions, alternating the wavelength of monochromatic glare over time did not aggravate disability relative to green-only glare. Repetitively flashing monochromatic laser glare induced occasional episodes of impaired motion identification, perhaps resulting from cognitive interference. Interference speckle might play a role in aggravating monochromatic glare effects.
实验测量了激光眩光对视觉定向和运动感知的影响。当受试者识别目标的倾斜度（实验1）和运动（实验2）时，根据光谱组成和时间呈现方式改变激光刺激。目的是确定眩光参数是否会改变视觉干扰。
使用三种光谱分布（单色绿光与多色白光与交替的红-绿）在目标周围产生一圈激光眩光。进行了两个实验来测量报告目标定向或运动方向所需的最小对比度。时间眩光分布也有所变化：光环要么持续照亮，要么间断照亮。在所有条件下，眩光刺激的时间平均亮度都进行了匹配。
在两个实验中，单色绿光条件下的阈值（deltaL）值比多色白光条件下大约高0.15对数单位。在实验2（运动识别）中，快速闪烁（6、10或14赫兹）条件下的阈值比持续暴露条件下大约高0.17对数单位。
单色扩展源激光眩光比多色眩光对定向和运动识别的干扰更大。在运动任务中，频率高于6赫兹（但低于闪烁融合频率）的脉冲序列比具有相同时间平均亮度的持续眩光使阈值升高得更多。在这些条件下，相对于仅绿色的眩光，随时间交替单色眩光的波长并不会加重视觉障碍。重复闪烁的单色激光眩光偶尔会导致运动识别受损，这可能是由认知干扰引起的。干涉斑纹可能在加重单色眩光效应方面起作用。
