Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.
Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2013;114:1-43. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-386933-3.00001-7.
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are versatile regulators of physiological processes. They are also important drug targets. Many of the molecules controlling energy homeostasis act through GPCRs. This article summarizes the regulators of energy homeostasis in the central nervous system: those secreted by the gastrointestinal peptides and those secreted by the endocrine pancreas. Some examples of orphan GPCRs are also given. The regulation of energy homeostasis is conserved in other mammals, including those species relevant in veterinary medicine, and fish. Finally, the genetics of human obesity is briefly summarized. Genetic susceptibility in the current obesogenic environment is likely causing the obesity pandemic. A better understanding of the regulation of energy homeostasis will lead to novel pharmacotherapy for obesity treatment.
G 蛋白偶联受体（GPCRs）是生理过程的多功能调节剂。它们也是重要的药物靶点。许多控制能量平衡的分子都是通过 GPCR 起作用的。本文总结了中枢神经系统中能量平衡的调节剂：胃肠道肽分泌的调节剂和内分泌胰腺分泌的调节剂。还给出了一些孤儿 GPCR 的例子。能量平衡的调节在其他哺乳动物中是保守的，包括那些在兽医医学中相关的物种和鱼类。最后，简要总结了人类肥胖的遗传学。在当前致肥胖的环境中，遗传易感性可能导致肥胖流行。更好地了解能量平衡的调节将为肥胖治疗带来新的药物治疗方法。
