Vavruk Ana Maria, Martins Cristina, Nascimento Marcelo Mazza, Hayashi Shirley Yumi, Riella Miguel Carlos
Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Brasil. .
J Bras Nefrol. 2012 Oct-Dec;34(4):349-54. doi: 10.5935/0101-2800.20120024.
Hypokalemia is found in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. The problem may be severe and promote mortality. Several factors may trigger the hypokalemia in PD patients, such as preexisting malnutrition and the low protein and potassium food intake.
To verify the prevalence of hypokalemia and its association with mortality, nutrition status, clinical, laboratory and electrocardiographic variables in PD patients.
Serum K+ levels were evaluated retrospectively in PD patients. Hypokalemia was defined when the average of serum K+ was < 3.5 mEq/L in six consecutive measurements. Other available biochemical tests were also evaluated. Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and body mass index (BMI) were used to assess the nutrition status. A questionnaire was applied to identify the most common symptoms and signals associated to hypokalemia. An electrocardiogram was performed. Demographic data, dialysis characteristics and survival rate were collected.
Hypokalemia was present in 15 out of 110 patients (13.6%). The survival rate was lower in the hypokalemic group (p = 0.002). Hypokalemia was only associated with serum levels of albumin and urea, and with the SGA results.
Low levels of serum potassium were associated to lower survival in PD patients and it seems to be related to malnutrition.
腹膜透析（PD）患者中存在低钾血症。这个问题可能很严重并会增加死亡率。有几个因素可能引发PD患者的低钾血症，如既往存在的营养不良以及蛋白质和钾摄入量低的食物。
验证PD患者低钾血症的患病率及其与死亡率、营养状况、临床、实验室和心电图变量的关联。
对PD患者的血清钾水平进行回顾性评估。当连续6次测量的血清钾平均值<3.5 mEq/L时定义为低钾血症。还评估了其他可用的生化检查。采用主观全面评定法（SGA）和体重指数（BMI）评估营养状况。应用问卷调查来确定与低钾血症相关的最常见症状和体征。进行心电图检查。收集人口统计学数据、透析特征和生存率。
110例患者中有15例（13.6%）存在低钾血症。低钾血症组的生存率较低（p = 0.002）。低钾血症仅与血清白蛋白和尿素水平以及SGA结果相关。
血清钾水平低与PD患者生存率降低相关，且似乎与营养不良有关。
