Huang Cheng, Liu Juan, Chen Chang-Hong, Zhang Jian, Liu Deng-Guo, Zhu Jing-Yu, Huang Wei-Ming, Chao Yuan
Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2012 Nov;33(11):3725-32.
The vehicle activity survey, including traffic flow distribution, driving condition, and vehicle technologies, were conducted in Shanghai. The databases of vehicle flow, VSP distribution and vehicle categories were established according to the surveyed data. Based on this, a dynamic vehicle emission inventory simulation method was designed by using the real time traffic information data, such as traffic flow and average speed. Some roads in Shanghai city were selected to conduct the hourly vehicle emission simulation as a case study. The survey results show that light duty passenger car and taxi are major vehicles on the roads of Shanghai city, accounting for 48% - 72% and 15% - 43% of the total flow in each hour, respectively. VSP distribution has a good relationship with the average speed. The peak of VSP distribution tends to move to high load section and become lower with the increase of average speed. Vehicles achieved Euro 2 and Euro 3 standards are majorities of current vehicle population in Shanghai. Based on the calibration of vehicle travel mileage data, the proportions of Euro 2 and Euro 3 standard vehicles take up 11% - 70% and 17% - 51% in the real-world situation, respectively. The emission simulation results indicate that the ratios of emission peak and valley for the pollutants of CO, VOC, NO(x) and PM are 3.7, 4.6, 9.6 and 19.8, respectively. CO and VOC emissions mainly come from light-duty passenger car and taxi, which has a good relationship with the traffic flow. NO(x) and PM emissions are mainly from heavy-duty bus and public buses and mainly concentrate in the morning and evening peak hours. The established dynamic vehicle emission simulation method can reflect the change of actual road emission and output high emission road sectors and hours in real time. The method can provide an important technical means and decision-making basis for transportation environment management.
在上海开展了车辆活动调查，包括交通流分布、驾驶条件和车辆技术等方面。根据调查数据建立了交通流、VSP分布和车辆类型数据库。在此基础上，利用交通流和平均速度等实时交通信息数据设计了一种动态车辆排放清单模拟方法。选取上海市部分道路进行逐小时车辆排放模拟作为案例研究。调查结果表明，轻型客车和出租车是上海市道路上的主要车辆，分别占各小时总流量的48% - 72%和15% - 43%。VSP分布与平均速度有良好的关系。VSP分布的峰值倾向于向高负荷路段移动，并随着平均速度的增加而降低。达到欧Ⅱ和欧Ⅲ标准的车辆是上海目前车辆保有量的主体。基于车辆行驶里程数据的校准，在实际情况下，欧Ⅱ和欧Ⅲ标准车辆的占比分别为11% - 70%和17% - 51%。排放模拟结果表明，CO、VOC、NO(x)和PM污染物的排放峰值与谷值之比分别为3.7、4.6、9.6和19.8。CO和VOC排放主要来自轻型客车和出租车，与交通流有良好的关系。NO(x)和PM排放主要来自重型客车和公交车，且主要集中在早晚高峰时段。所建立的动态车辆排放模拟方法能够反映实际道路排放的变化，实时输出高排放道路路段和时段。该方法可为交通环境管理提供重要的技术手段和决策依据。
