Dept. of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Southeast Dairy Foods Research Center, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
J Food Sci. 2013 Feb;78(2):S320-8. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.12028. Epub 2013 Jan 16.
The drivers of liking of lemon-lime carbonated beverages were investigated with regular and diet beverage consumers. Ten beverages were selected from a category survey of commercial beverages using a D-optimal procedure. Beverages were subjected to consumer testing (n = 101 regular beverage consumers, n = 100 diet beverage consumers). Segmentation of consumers was performed on overall liking scores followed by external preference mapping of selected samples. Diet beverage consumers liked 2 diet beverages more than regular beverage consumers. There were no differences in the overall liking scores between diet and regular beverage consumers for other products except for a sparkling beverage sweetened with juice which was more liked by regular beverage consumers. Three subtle but distinct consumer preference clusters were identified. Two segments had evenly distributed diet and regular beverage consumers but one segment had a greater percentage of regular beverage consumers (P < 0.05). The 3 preference segments were named: cluster 1 (C1) sweet taste and carbonation mouthfeel lovers, cluster 2 (C2) carbonation mouthfeel lovers, sweet and bitter taste acceptors, and cluster 3 (C3) bitter taste avoiders, mouthfeel and sweet taste lovers. User status (diet or regular beverage consumers) did not have a large impact on carbonated beverage liking. Instead, mouthfeel attributes were major drivers of liking when these beverages were tested in a blind tasting.
Preference mapping of lemon-lime carbonated beverage with diet and regular beverage consumers allowed the determination of drivers of liking of both populations. The understanding of how mouthfeel attributes, aromatics, and basic tastes impact liking or disliking of products was achieved. Preference drivers established in this study provide product developers of carbonated lemon-lime beverages with additional information to develop beverages that may be suitable for different groups of consumers.
使用 D-最优程序从商业饮料类别调查中选择了 10 种饮料,对喜欢柠檬-青柠碳酸饮料的驱动因素进行了研究,这些饮料针对常规和低热量饮料消费者。消费者对饮料进行了测试(n = 101 名常规饮料消费者,n = 100 名低热量饮料消费者)。对总体喜好评分进行了消费者细分,然后对选定的样本进行外部偏好映射。与常规饮料消费者相比,低热量饮料消费者更喜欢 2 种低热量饮料。除了一种由果汁加糖制成的碳酸饮料外,其他产品的常规和低热量饮料消费者的总体喜好评分没有差异,常规饮料消费者更喜欢这种饮料。确定了三个微妙但不同的消费者偏好集群。两个细分市场中均匀分布了常规和低热量饮料消费者,但有一个细分市场中常规饮料消费者的比例更高(P < 0.05)。这三个偏好集群分别命名为:集群 1(C1),甜味和碳酸口感爱好者;集群 2(C2),碳酸口感爱好者,甜味和苦味接受者;集群 3(C3),苦味回避者,口感和甜味爱好者。用户身份(常规或低热量饮料消费者)对碳酸饮料的喜好影响不大。相反,当这些饮料在盲测中进行测试时,口感属性是影响喜好的主要因素。
用常规和低热量饮料消费者对柠檬-青柠碳酸饮料进行偏好映射,确定了这两种人群喜好的驱动因素。了解口感属性、香气和基本味道如何影响产品的喜欢或不喜欢,可以帮助产品开发人员开发出可能适合不同消费者群体的碳酸柠檬-青柠饮料。