Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences and Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Australia.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2013;42(3):348-57. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2012.755927. Epub 2013 Jan 16.
Substantial evidence suggests that rumination is an important vulnerability factor for adolescent depression. Despite this, few studies have examined environmental risk factors that might lead to rumination and, subsequently, depression in adolescence. This study examined the hypothesis that an adverse family environment is a risk factor for rumination, such that the tendency to ruminate mediates the longitudinal association between a negative family environment and adolescent depressive symptoms. It also investigated adolescent gender as a moderator of the relationship between family environment and adolescent rumination. Participants were 163 mother-adolescent dyads. Adolescents provided self-reports of depressive symptoms and rumination across three waves of data collection (approximately at ages 12, 15, and 17 years). Family environment was measured via observational assessment of the frequency of positive and aggressive parenting behaviors during laboratory-based interactions completed by mother-adolescent dyads, collected during the first wave. A bootstrap analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of low levels of positive maternal behavior on adolescent depressive symptoms via adolescent rumination, suggesting that rumination might mediate the relationship between low levels of positive maternal behavior and depressive symptoms for girls. This study highlights the importance of positive parenting behaviors as a possible protective factor against the development of adolescent rumination and, subsequently, depressive symptoms. One effective preventive approach to improving adolescent mental health may be providing parents with psychoeducation concerning the importance of pleasant and affirming interactions with their children.
大量证据表明，反刍是青少年抑郁的一个重要脆弱性因素。尽管如此，很少有研究探讨可能导致反刍继而导致青少年抑郁的环境风险因素。本研究检验了这样一种假设，即不良的家庭环境是反刍的一个风险因素，因此，反刍倾向在消极家庭环境与青少年抑郁症状之间的纵向关联中起中介作用。它还调查了青少年性别在家庭环境与青少年反刍之间的关系中的调节作用。参与者是 163 对母子。青少年在三次数据收集（大约在 12、15 和 17 岁时）中自我报告抑郁症状和反刍。家庭环境通过对母子对子在实验室互动中积极和攻击性行为的频率进行观察性评估来衡量，这些数据在第一次数据收集时收集。自举分析显示，母亲积极行为水平低通过青少年反刍对青少年抑郁症状有显著的间接影响，这表明反刍可能在母亲积极行为水平低与抑郁症状之间起中介作用。本研究强调了积极的育儿行为作为预防青少年反刍继而预防抑郁症状的一个可能保护因素的重要性。改善青少年心理健康的一种有效预防方法可能是向父母提供有关与孩子进行愉快和肯定互动的重要性的心理教育。
