García Gómez Montserrat, Menéndez-Navarro Alfredo, Castañeda López Rosario
Subdirección General de Sanidad Ambiental y Salud Laboral, Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, Paseo del Prado 18-20, Madrid.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2012 Dec;86(6):613-25. doi: 10.4321/S1135-57272012000600007.
We lack in Spain of a full description of the diseases caused by asbestos since its inclusion in the list of occupational diseases 1961. The aim of this study is to know the incidence of asbestosis and other asbestos-related benign lung diseases, which were recognized as occupational diseases by the Spanish Social Security system between 1962 and 2010.
Cases were obtained from Reports of the National Insurance Institute (1962 to 1975), from Employment Ministry Statistics and Reports of the Work Health and Safety Department (1976 to 1981), and from the Employment Statistics Yearbooks (from 1982). Specific rates were obtained by economic activity and occupation. We represent temporal trends in the number of the diseases under study and described their geographic distribution by provinces.
Between 1963 and 2010, 815 cases of asbestosis and 46 cases of fibrous pleural or pericardial disease were recognized. Since 1990 until 2001 Fiber-cement sector accumulated 189 cases of asbestosis, Shipbuilding sector 173, Construction sector 49 and Metallurgy 35. By occupation, fixed machinery operators had 114 cases; in molders, welders, sheet metal workers and fitters 88 cases; and painters, plumbers and pipe fitters 59 cases. The autonomous communities with the highest number of cases were Valencia (106), Galicia (86), Andalusia (82), Catalonia (75), Madrid (58), and the Basque Country (41).
Incidence rates and the time trend of professional asbestosis in Spain may be demonstrating the underreporting of the occupational origin of these diseases in our country. The most affected sectors were that of the fiber-cement and the naval one and the highest incidence was given in the Valencian Community.
自1961年石棉所致疾病被列入职业病名单以来，西班牙一直缺乏对这些疾病的全面描述。本研究旨在了解1962年至2010年间被西班牙社会保障系统认定为职业病的石棉肺及其他与石棉相关的良性肺部疾病的发病率。
病例来自国家保险研究所的报告（1962年至1975年）、就业部统计数据以及劳动卫生与安全部的报告（1976年至1981年），以及就业统计年鉴（1982年起）。通过经济活动和职业获得特定发病率。我们呈现了所研究疾病数量的时间趋势，并按省份描述了其地理分布。
1963年至2010年间，共确诊815例石棉肺病例和46例纤维性胸膜或心包疾病病例。1990年至2001年期间，纤维水泥行业累计189例石棉肺病例，造船业173例，建筑业49例，冶金业35例。按职业划分，固定机械操作员有114例；铸工、焊工、钣金工和钳工有88例；油漆工、水管工和管道安装工有59例。病例数最多的自治区是瓦伦西亚（106例）、加利西亚（86例）、安达卢西亚（82例）、加泰罗尼亚（75例）、马德里（58例）和巴斯克地区（41例）。
西班牙职业性石棉肺的发病率及时间趋势可能表明我国这些疾病职业起源的报告不足。受影响最严重的行业是纤维水泥行业和海军行业，发病率最高的是瓦伦西亚自治区。
