Author's Affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Feb 1;19(3):541-8. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-2241. Epub 2013 Jan 16.
What dictates the prevalence of certain types of breast cancer, which are classified by markers, particularly estrogen receptor (ER), expression profiles such as basal or luminal, and genetic alterations such as HER2 amplification, in particular populations is not well understood. It is increasingly evident that microenvironment disruption is highly intertwined with cancer progression. Here, the idea that microenvironment shapes the course of carcinogenesis, and hence breast cancer subtype, is discussed. Aggressive, basal-like, ER-negative breast tumors occur in younger women, African-American women, women who carry BRCA1 mutation, and women exposed to ionizing radiation. Recent experimental studies using ionizing radiation, a well-documented environmental exposure, suggest that certain processes in the microenvironment strongly favor the development of ER-negative tumors. Understanding the contribution of tissue microenvironment during carcinogenesis could lead to prevention strategies that are personalized to age, agent, and exposure to reduce the risk of aggressive breast cancer.
是什么决定了特定类型乳腺癌的流行，这些乳腺癌根据标志物进行分类，特别是雌激素受体（ER），表达谱如基底或腔，以及遗传改变如 HER2 扩增，在特定人群中尚不清楚。越来越明显的是，微环境的破坏与癌症的进展高度交织在一起。在这里，我们讨论了微环境塑造致癌过程，从而影响乳腺癌亚型的观点。侵袭性、基底样、ER 阴性乳腺癌发生在年轻女性、非裔美国女性、携带 BRCA1 突变的女性以及暴露于电离辐射的女性中。最近使用电离辐射（一种有充分文献记录的环境暴露）的实验研究表明，微环境中的某些过程强烈有利于 ER 阴性肿瘤的发展。了解致癌过程中组织微环境的作用可能会导致针对年龄、致癌剂和暴露的个性化预防策略，以降低侵袭性乳腺癌的风险。
