Prati Gabriele, Boldrin Sara
Facoltà di Scienze Politiche "Roberto Ruffilli", Università di Bologna, Italy.
G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2011 Jul-Sep;33(3 Suppl B):B33-9.
The present study examined the predictors of burnout and psychological well-being in Italian correctional officers.
The subjects were 188 correctional officers (138 men and 33 women) employed in four penitentiaries located in Piemonte (region in northwestern Italy). Participants completed a variety of questionnaire measures of burnout, psychological well-being (General Health Questionnaire), organizational stressors and exposure to critical incidents.
Results showed that neither demographic variables (age and gender) nor the degree of inmates contact and length of service were related with burnout and psychological well-being. Emotional exhaustion was related with exposure to emotionally stressful situations (r = .23), having unjust reproaches (r = .19), unsupportive and punitive supervisors (r = .23), work-to-family conflict (r = .25), overtime work (r = .18), and exposure to insults (r = .18), threats (r = .18) and episodes of self-damaging behaviors of inmates (r = .14). Depersonalization was related with staffing adequacy (r = .17) and inmates' threats (r = .16). Personal accomplishment was related with work load (r = .18) and risk of being attacked (r = .18). Psychological well-being was related with unsupportive supervisors (r = .23), work-to-family conflict (r = .19), and inmates' threats (r = .13) and self-damaging behaviors (r = .13).
Organizational well-being depends on organizational stressors as well as exposure to critical incidents.
本研究调查了意大利惩教官员职业倦怠和心理健康的预测因素。
研究对象为意大利西北部皮埃蒙特地区四座监狱的188名惩教官员（138名男性和33名女性）。参与者完成了一系列关于职业倦怠、心理健康（一般健康问卷）、组织压力源和关键事件暴露情况的问卷调查。
结果表明，人口统计学变量（年龄和性别）、与囚犯接触的程度以及工作年限均与职业倦怠和心理健康无关。情感耗竭与接触情绪紧张的情况（r = 0.23）、遭受不公正指责（r = 0.19）、不支持且惩罚性的上级（r = 0.23）、工作与家庭冲突（r = 0.25）、加班工作（r = 0.18）以及遭受侮辱（r = 0.18）、威胁（r = 0.18）和囚犯的自我伤害行为事件（r = 0.14）有关。去人格化与人员配备充足程度（r = 0.17）和囚犯的威胁（r = 0.16）有关。个人成就感与工作量（r = 0.18）和遭受攻击的风险（r = 0.18）有关。心理健康与不支持的上级（r = 0.23）、工作与家庭冲突（r = 0.19）以及囚犯的威胁（r = 0.13）和自我伤害行为（r = 0.13）有关。
组织健康取决于组织压力源以及关键事件的暴露情况。
