Chemerin gene expression is regulated by food restriction and food restriction-refeeding in rat adipose tissue but not in liver.

Chemerin is an adipokine that regulates adipocyte development and metabolism as well as inflammatory and immune function of some cells. Although chemerin may be linked to obesity and related diseases, little is known about the nutritional regulation of chemerin gene expression. We investigated the effect of prolonged food restriction, a common approach in treating obesity and related diseases, and prolonged food restriction-refeeding on chemerin gene expression in rat white adipose tissue and liver. The prolonged food restriction was accompanied by an approximately 2-fold decrease in chemerin mRNA level in rat white adipose tissue. Upon refeeding, an increase (approximately 8-fold as compared to rats maintained on restricted diet and 4-fold as compared to control) in chemerin mRNA level in white adipose tissue was found. Surprisingly, no effect of food restriction and food restriction-refeeding on chemerin mRNA level in the liver was found. Chemerin mRNA level in adipose tissue was positively correlated with serum insulin concentration. Moreover insulin increased significantly chemerin gene expression in primary rat adipocytes. The changes in chemerin mRNA level in adipose tissue and serum chemerin concentrations were associated with changes in serum leptin and free fatty acid concentrations. Collectively, the data presented here indicate that chemerin gene expression is regulated by nutritional status in rat adipose tissue but not in liver. It seems that insulin plays important role in stimulation of chemerin gene expression in adipose tissue. However, changes in serum leptin and free fatty acids concentrations after food restriction-refeeding suggest that the role of these factors in the regulation of chemerin gene expression in adipose tissue cannot be excluded. Lack of the effect of food restriction and food restriction-refeeding on liver chemerin gene expression suggests that adipose tissue is the dietary modifiable source of serum chemerin concentration.