Khokhlova T V
Zh Obshch Biol. 2012 Nov-Dec;73(6):418-34.
In the review, research data are presented on mammals' vision including visual pigments, color and contrast vision, and visual behaviour in different species. It is shown that in course of evolution mammals were gradually losing the elements of daylight cone vision system that are typical of other vertebrates. In monotremes, visual pigments SWS2 (cone blue-sensitive 2) and MWS/LWS (green/red-sensitive) are still present, as well as rod RH1. Theria, except some primates, also have two cone visual pigments: SWS1 (ultraviolet/violet or blue-sensitive 1) and MWS/LWS along with rod RH1. Humans and some other higher primates evolved the new visual pigment, MWS, and acquired trichromatic vision. Marine mammals (cetaceans and pinnipeds) and some species of other orders have lost also the visual pigment SWS1, probably due to specificity of processing the information received by these cones. Current view on mammals' vision with two cone pigments and rods is presented. Data on maximum spectral sensitivity of visual pigments in different species and orders are given along with data on spatial contrast sensation. High visual acuity has been acquired by ungulates, artiodactyls, and primates, while the highest one--by humans with their specialized fovea.
在这篇综述中，展示了有关哺乳动物视觉的研究数据，包括视觉色素、颜色和对比度视觉以及不同物种的视觉行为。结果表明，在进化过程中，哺乳动物逐渐失去了其他脊椎动物所特有的日光视锥视觉系统的元素。在单孔目动物中，视觉色素SWS2（视锥蓝敏2）和MWS/LWS（绿/红敏）以及视杆色素RH1仍然存在。有袋类和胎盘类动物，除了一些灵长类动物外，也有两种视锥视觉色素：SWS1（紫外/紫或蓝敏1）和MWS/LWS以及视杆色素RH1。人类和其他一些高等灵长类动物进化出了新的视觉色素MWS，并获得了三色视觉。海洋哺乳动物（鲸类和鳍足类）以及其他一些目类的某些物种也失去了视觉色素SWS1，这可能是由于处理这些视锥接收到的信息的特殊性所致。文中介绍了目前关于具有两种视锥色素和视杆的哺乳动物视觉的观点。给出了不同物种和目类视觉色素的最大光谱敏感度数据以及空间对比度感知数据。有蹄类动物、偶蹄目动物和灵长类动物获得了高视觉敏锐度，而人类凭借其特化的中央凹拥有最高的视觉敏锐度。
