Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1101, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 2013 Feb;36(2):101-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2013.01.002. Epub 2013 Jan 17.
Animals use current, past, and projected future states of the organism and the world in a finely tuned system to control ingestion. They must not only deal effectively with current nutrient deficiencies, but also manage energy resources to meet future needs, all within the constraints of the mechanisms of metabolism. Many recent approaches to understanding the control of ingestive behavior distinguish between homeostatic mechanisms concerned with energy balance, and hedonic and incentive processes based on palatability and reward characteristics of food. In this review, I consider how learning about environmental cues influences homeostatic and hedonic brain signals, which may lead to increases in the affective taste properties of food and desire to over consume. Understanding these mechanisms may be critical for elucidating the etiology of the obesity epidemic.
动物在精细调节的系统中使用机体和外界的当前、过去和预计未来状态来控制摄食。它们不仅要有效地应对当前的营养缺乏，还要管理能量资源以满足未来的需求，所有这些都要受到代谢机制的限制。许多最近的方法来理解摄食行为的控制将能量平衡相关的体内平衡机制，以及基于食物的美味和奖励特性的享乐和激励过程区分开来。在这篇综述中，我考虑了关于环境线索的学习如何影响体内平衡和享乐的大脑信号，这可能导致食物的情感味觉特性增加和过度摄食的欲望增加。理解这些机制对于阐明肥胖流行的病因可能至关重要。
