Peraica Maja, Rašić Dubravka
Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2012 Dec;63(4):513-8. doi: 10.2478/10004-1254-63-2012-2259.
Mycotoxicoses are acute or chronic diseases of humans and animals caused by mycotoxins, toxic compounds produced by moulds. Of about 400 known mycotoxins only a small number are known to cause mycotoxicoses in humans. Organs that are most targeted are those in which mycotoxins are metabolised, that is, the liver and kidneys, but the lesions may affect the neurological, respiratory, digestive, haematological, endocrine, and immune systems as well. The epidemics of mycotoxicoses are often connected with times of famine, when population consumes food that would not be consumed in normal circumstances. Mycotoxicoses have influenced human history, causing demographic changes, migrations, or even influencing the outcomes of wars. Fortunately, epidemics affecting so many persons and with so many fatalities belong to the past. Today they only appear in small communities such as schools and factory canteens. This paper presents epidemics and pandemics of mycotoxicoses that influenced human history.
霉菌毒素中毒是由霉菌毒素引起的人和动物的急性或慢性疾病，霉菌毒素是霉菌产生的有毒化合物。在大约400种已知的霉菌毒素中，只有少数几种已知会导致人类发生霉菌毒素中毒。最易受影响的器官是那些对霉菌毒素进行代谢的器官，即肝脏和肾脏，但病变也可能影响神经、呼吸、消化、血液、内分泌和免疫系统。霉菌毒素中毒的流行往往与饥荒时期有关，那时人们食用在正常情况下不会食用的食物。霉菌毒素中毒影响了人类历史，导致人口结构变化、迁徙，甚至影响战争结果。幸运的是，影响如此众多人口且造成众多死亡的疫情已成为过去。如今，它们只出现在学校和工厂食堂等小群体中。本文介绍了影响人类历史的霉菌毒素中毒的流行病和大流行病。
