Ramla Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Ramla, Israel.
Respirology. 2013 Apr;18(3):432-8. doi: 10.1111/resp.12054.
Immigration from high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence countries has a substantial impact on the epidemiology of TB in receiving countries with low TB incidence. Cross-border migration offers an ideal opportunity for active case finding that will result in a lower caseload in the host country and a reduced spread of disease to both the indigenous and migrant populations. Screening strategies can start 'offshore', thereby indirectly assisting and empowering public health systems in the source countries, or be performed at ports of entry with or without long-term engagement of 'onshore' facilities and systems to provide either preventive therapy or surveillance for reactivation of latent TB. The chest radiograph seems to be playing a key role in this process, but questions remain regarding when, where and in whom radiographs are best done for optimal yield and cost-effectiveness, and with what other tests they might best be combined to further increase the usefulness of transborder TB control.
从结核病高流行国家移民对结核病发病率低的接收国的结核病流行状况有重大影响。跨境移民为主动发现病例提供了理想的机会，这将导致收容国的病例数量减少，疾病向本地和移民人口的传播也会减少。筛查策略可以“在境外”开始，从而间接地帮助和加强来源国的公共卫生系统，或者在入境口岸进行，无论是否长期利用“境内”设施和系统，以提供预防性治疗或潜伏性结核病复发监测。胸部 X 光片似乎在这一过程中起着关键作用，但仍存在一些问题，例如何时、何地以及对哪些人进行 X 光检查能获得最佳效果和成本效益，以及与哪些其他检查相结合可以进一步提高跨境结核病控制的有用性。
