European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden.
Vaccine. 2013 Mar 15;31(12):1597-603. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.01.015. Epub 2013 Jan 19.
MenAfriVac™ is a conjugate vaccine against meningitis A specifically designed for Africa. In Niger, the MenAfriVac™ vaccination campaign was conducted in people aged 1-29 years in three phases. The third phase was conducted in November/December 2011 targeting more than 7 million people. We estimated vaccination coverage for the third phase; classified the 31 target districts according to vaccination coverage levels; analysed the factors associated with being vaccinated; described the reasons for non-vaccination; and estimated coverage of the MenAfriVac™ introduction in Niger by aggregating data from all three phases. We classified the districts by clustered lot quality assurance sampling according to a 75% lower threshold and a 90% upper threshold. We estimated coverage using a minimum cluster-sample of 30 x 10 in each region. Two criteria were used to document vaccination status: presentation of vaccination card only or by card and/or verbal history of vaccination (card+history). We surveyed 2390 persons. After the third phase, estimated coverage was 68.8% (95% CI 64.9-72.8) by card only and 90.9% (95% CI 88.6-93.2) by card+history. Five districts were accepted for coverage above 75% based on card only, whereas 25 were accepted based on card+history. Factors positively associated with being vaccinated were younger age (<15 years), female sex, residing in the same household for more than three months, and being informed about the vaccination campaign. The main reason for non-vaccination was not being at home during the campaign. Overall coverage for MenAfriVac™ introduction via 3 phases was 76.1% (95% CI: 72.5-79.6) by card only and 91.9% (95%CI: 89.7-94.1) by card+history.Although estimated coverage was high, pockets of non-vaccination probably still exist in the country; thus, the implementation of mop-up campaigns should be considered. Priorities for the future should include incorporating meningitis A vaccination into the existing immunization schedule and assessing its impact at a population level.
MenAfriVac™ 是一种针对 A 群脑膜炎球菌的结合疫苗，专门为非洲设计。在尼日尔，MenAfriVac™ 疫苗接种运动分三个阶段在 1 至 29 岁人群中进行。第三阶段于 2011 年 11 月/12 月进行，目标人群超过 700 万人。我们估计了第三阶段的疫苗接种覆盖率；根据疫苗接种覆盖率水平对 31 个目标区进行了分类；分析了与接种相关的因素；描述了未接种的原因；并通过汇总所有三个阶段的数据来估计 MenAfriVac™ 在尼日尔的引入覆盖率。我们根据 75%下限和 90%上限，通过集群分层质量保证抽样对各区进行了分类。我们在每个地区使用最小的 30 x 10 个集群样本估计覆盖率。有两个标准用于记录接种状态：仅出示接种卡或同时出示卡和/或接种史（卡+史）。我们调查了 2390 人。第三阶段后，仅根据卡估计的覆盖率为 68.8%（95%CI 64.9-72.8），而根据卡+史估计的覆盖率为 90.9%（95%CI 88.6-93.2）。根据仅卡，有 5 个区的覆盖率超过 75%被接受，而根据卡+史，有 25 个区的覆盖率被接受。与接种相关的积极因素是年龄较小（<15 岁）、女性、在同一家庭居住超过三个月以及了解疫苗接种运动。未接种的主要原因是在接种运动期间不在家。通过 3 个阶段引入 MenAfriVac™ 的总体覆盖率为仅卡 76.1%（95%CI：72.5-79.6），卡+史 91.9%（95%CI：89.7-94.1）。尽管估计的覆盖率很高，但该国可能仍存在未接种疫苗的地区；因此，应考虑开展补种运动。未来的重点应包括将 A 群脑膜炎球菌疫苗纳入现有的免疫计划，并评估其在人群中的影响。
