Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property and Competition Law, International Max Planck Research School for Competition and Innovation, Munich, Germany.
Health Econ Policy Law. 2013 Apr;8(2):185-208. doi: 10.1017/S1744133112000321. Epub 2013 Jan 24.
Infectious diseases are among the main causes of death and disability in developing countries, and they are a major reason for the health disparity between rich and poor countries. One of the reasons for this public health tragedy is a lack of lifesaving essential medicines, which either do not exist or badly need improvements. In this article, we analyse which of the push and pull mechanisms proposed in the recent literature may serve to promote research into neglected infectious diseases. A combination of push programmes that subsidise research inputs through direct funding and pull programmes that reward research output rather than research input may be the appropriate strategy to stimulate research into neglected diseases. On the one hand, early-stage (basic) research should be supported through push mechanisms, such as research grants or publicly financed research institutions. On the other hand, pull mechanisms, such as prize funds that link reward payments to the health impacts of effective medicines, have the potential to stimulate research into neglected diseases.
传染病是发展中国家死亡和残疾的主要原因之一，也是贫富国家之间健康差距的主要原因。造成这一公共卫生悲剧的原因之一是缺乏救生基本药物，这些药物要么不存在，要么急需改进。在本文中，我们分析了近期文献中提出的推动和拉动机制中哪些可能有助于促进对被忽视的传染病的研究。通过直接资助补贴研究投入的推动计划和奖励研究产出而不是研究投入的拉动计划的结合，可能是刺激对被忽视疾病研究的适当策略。一方面，应通过研究补助金或公共资助的研究机构等推动机制支持早期（基础）研究。另一方面，有奖基金等拉动机制有可能刺激对被忽视疾病的研究，这些机制将奖励与有效药物对健康的影响联系起来。
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