Department of Pathology, Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Negrar, Verona, Italy ; Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.
Front Oncol. 2013 Jan 22;3:2. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00002. eCollection 2013.
Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (GI-NENs) arise from neuroendocrine cells distributed mainly in the mucosa and submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. In 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of NENs of the digestive system was changed, categorizing these tumors as grade 1 neuroendocrine tumor (NET), grade-2NET, neuroendocrine carcinoma (large- or small-cell type), or mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC). Such a classification is based on the Ki-67 index and mitotic count in histological material. For the accurate pathological diagnosis and grading of NENs, it is important to clearly recognize the characteristic histological features of GI-NENs and to understand the correct method of counting Ki-67 and mitoses. In this review, we focus on the histopathological features of GI-NENs, particularly regarding biopsy and cytological diagnoses, neuroendocrine markers, genetic and molecular features, and the evaluation of the Ki-67 index and mitotic count. In addition, we will address the histological features of GI-NEN in specific organs.
胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤（GI-NENs）来源于主要分布在胃肠道黏膜和黏膜下层的神经内分泌细胞。2010 年，世界卫生组织（WHO）消化系统神经内分泌肿瘤分类发生了变化，将这些肿瘤分为 1 级神经内分泌肿瘤（NET）、2 级 NET、神经内分泌癌（大细胞或小细胞型）或混合性腺神经内分泌癌（MANEC）。这种分类是基于组织学标本中的 Ki-67 指数和有丝分裂计数。为了对 NENs 进行准确的病理诊断和分级，明确识别 GI-NENs 的特征性组织学特征并了解正确的 Ki-67 和有丝分裂计数方法非常重要。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了 GI-NENs 的组织病理学特征，特别是关于活检和细胞学诊断、神经内分泌标志物、遗传和分子特征以及 Ki-67 指数和有丝分裂计数的评估。此外，我们还将讨论特定器官中 GI-NENs 的组织学特征。
