Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Paediatr Respir Rev. 2013 Mar;14(1):29-36; quiz 36-7. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2012.02.002. Epub 2012 Mar 2.
Respiratory distress is recognised as any signs of breathing difficulties in neonates. In the early neonatal period respiratory distress is common, occurring in up to 7% of newborn infants, resulting in significant numbers of term-born infants being admitted to neonatal units. Many risk factors are involved; the increasing number of term infants delivered by elective caesarean section has also increased the incidence. Additionally the risk decreases with each advancing week of gestation. At 37 weeks, the chances are three times greater than at 39-40 weeks gestation. Multiple conditions can present with features of respiratory distress. Common causes in term newborn infants include transient tachypnoea of the newborn, respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, meconium aspiration syndrome, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate and pneumothorax. Early recognition of respiratory distress and initiation of appropriate treatment is important to ensure optimal outcomes. This review will discuss these common causes of respiratory distress in term-born infants.
呼吸窘迫被定义为新生儿任何呼吸困难的迹象。在新生儿早期，呼吸窘迫很常见，高达 7%的新生儿会出现这种情况，导致大量足月婴儿被收入新生儿病房。许多风险因素与之相关；越来越多的足月婴儿通过择期剖宫产分娩，也增加了发病率。此外，随着胎龄的每增加一周，风险会降低。在 37 周时，其发生的几率是 39-40 周时的三倍。多种情况都可能出现呼吸窘迫的特征。足月新生儿常见的原因包括新生儿暂时性呼吸急促、呼吸窘迫综合征、肺炎、胎粪吸入综合征、新生儿持续性肺动脉高压和气胸。早期识别呼吸窘迫并开始适当的治疗对于确保最佳结局非常重要。本文将讨论足月新生儿呼吸窘迫的这些常见原因。
