Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, University College Hospital, PMB 5116 Ibadan, Nigeria.
Alcohol. 2013 May;47(3):249-55. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2012.12.011. Epub 2013 Jan 21.
Many studies have examined the risk factors associated with alcohol use disorders. No information is available from developing countries about the factors that may determine the transitions across different levels of use and misuse. Alcohol use and its misuse were assessed in a cohort of 2143 Nigerians using Version 3.0 of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI). This generated six levels of alcohol use and related disorders. Using age of onset variables created for the purpose, analysis was done to determine rates of and risk factor for transition between the levels. Lifetime prevalence estimates were 57.8% for alcohol use, 27.6% for regular use, 2.9% for abuse, and 0.3% for dependence. Whereas 47.8% transited to regular use from lifetime ever use, only 10.5% transited to abuse from regular use and 9.5% from abuse to dependence. Male sex, age 18-49 years and being never married predicted onset of alcohol use. Transition to regular use was predicted only by male sex while transition to abuse was predicted by male sex and age 35-49 years. Factors associated with recovery from abuse were female sex and a student status. Higher rates of transition occurred in the stages preceding the onset of alcohol use disorders. Sex and age were the main determinants of transition, with male gender and middle age being risk factors for transition to problematic use of alcohol.
许多研究都考察了与酒精使用障碍相关的风险因素。然而，关于可能决定不同饮酒程度和滥用程度之间转变的因素，发展中国家尚无相关信息。
本研究使用世卫组织复合国际诊断访谈 3.0 版（WHO-CIDI），对 2143 名尼日利亚人进行了酒精使用和滥用评估。这产生了六个级别的酒精使用和相关障碍。根据为此目的创建的发病年龄变量，进行了分析以确定不同水平之间转变的比率和风险因素。终生患病率估计为酒精使用 57.8%、规律使用 27.6%、滥用 2.9%和依赖 0.3%。尽管有 47.8%的人从终生使用过渡到规律使用，但只有 10.5%的人从规律使用过渡到滥用，只有 9.5%的人从滥用过渡到依赖。男性、18-49 岁和未婚是酒精使用的预测因素。只有男性预测会向规律使用过渡，而向滥用过渡则由男性和 35-49 岁预测。从滥用中恢复的因素是女性和学生身份。在酒精使用障碍发病前的阶段，向更高的转变程度发生。性别和年龄是转变的主要决定因素，男性和中年是向酒精滥用转变的风险因素。
