Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013 Sep;38(3):641-9. doi: 10.1002/jmri.24003. Epub 2013 Jan 24.
To evaluate the cerebral venous drainage system of the swine as a probable model to test whether extracranial venous abnormalities may play a role in neurodegenerative diseases as reported recently in multiple sclerosis.
Three Yucatan micropigs, 5 to 7 months old, were scanned with a comprehensive MRI protocol at 3 Tesla. The vascular anatomy of the head and neck was imaged using conventional and angiographic MR sequences. Phase-contrast MR images were collected at multiple levels of the neck and intracranial space to monitor flow.
Three large cervical veins were observed; the external jugular vein draining the olfactory and gustatory tissues; the internal jugular vein (IJV) draining the cavernous sinus as well as surrounding soft tissues in the neck; and the ventral vertebral venous plexus (VVVP) surrounding the dural sac and paraspinal region. The majority of the cerebral blood flow in the pig appears to drain through the VVVP. Flow through the IJV comprised a nondominant component. Anastamoses were observed connecting the major veins of the neck bilaterally.
The dominance of outflow from the brain to the VVVP may be analogous to the typical dominance of the IJVs in humans in the supine position.
评估猪的脑静脉引流系统，作为一种可能的模型，以测试颅外静脉异常是否可能在神经退行性疾病中发挥作用，如最近多发性硬化症中所报道的那样。
对 3 只 5 至 7 个月大的尤卡坦微型猪进行了 3T 全面 MRI 检查。使用常规和血管造影 MR 序列对头部和颈部的血管解剖结构进行成像。在颈部和颅内多个层面采集相位对比 MR 图像以监测血流。
观察到 3 条大的颈静脉；颈外静脉（EJV）引流嗅味觉组织；颈内静脉（IJV）引流海绵窦以及颈部周围软组织；以及围绕硬脑膜和脊柱旁区域的腹侧椎静脉丛（VVVP）。猪的大部分脑血流似乎通过 VVVP 引流。IJV 的血流构成非优势成分。观察到双侧颈部主要静脉之间存在吻合。
大脑向 VVVP 的流出优势可能类似于人类在仰卧位时 IJV 的典型优势。
