Suresh C, Das A, Katole Shrikant, Saini Mohini, Swarup D
Centre for Wildlife Conservation, Management and Disease Surveillance, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
Zoo Biol. 2013 Mar;32(2):195-203. doi: 10.1002/zoo.21058. Epub 2013 Jan 25.
This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum level of a maize-soybean meal-wheat bran concentrate supplement fed to captive spotted deer fed an oat and berseem fodder-based diet. Twelve adult spotted deer [64-76 kg body weight (BW)] were distributed into three groups of four each and were housed individually. A diet consisting of 5 kg of oat fodder and 5.5 kg of berseem fodder was offered to each one of the experimental animals. The animal in group I received no supplementary concentrate, whereas, those in groups II and III received 0.5 and 1 kg of supplementary concentrate, respectively. A 60 days digestibility trial was conducted with a 5 days collection period on Days 55-59 of the trial. Blood samples were collected from all animals on Day 60 of the experiment. Average daily dry matter intake (DMI) was 1,224, 1,613, and 1,574 g/day in groups I, II, and III, respectively. Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) intake was lowest (P < 0.01) in group I. Intake of P, Cu, and Zn was highest (P < 0.01) in group III, followed by groups II and I. Digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was highest (P < 0.05) in group II. Digestibility of OM and CP was lowest (P < 0.05) in group I. Digestibility of gross energy was highest (P < 0.01) in group III (74.9%), followed by groups II (69.3%) and I (66.2%). Digestible energy (DE) intake (kcal/kg BW(0.75) ) was highest (P < 0.01) in group III (195.4), followed by groups II (180.9) and I (129.8). Initial BW was 72.7, 72.5, and 71.0 kg, whereas, final BW was 71.0, 72.7, and 73.5 kg, in groups I, II and III, respectively. Average daily change in body mass was significantly (P < 0.01) different among the groups. The body mass was lost (-29.2 g/day), maintained (4.1 g/day) and gained (41.6 g/day) in groups I, II, and III, respectively. Blood glucose and cholesterol concentration was highest (P < 0.05) in group III, followed by groups II and I. Serum concentration of Cu and Zn was highest (P < 0.05) in group III, followed by groups II and I. Supplementation of forage only diet with 0.5 kg of concentrate mixture increased intake and digestibility of nutrients, without change in body mass. Animals fed 1 kg of supplementary concentrate received energy in excess of requirements, were consistently gaining body mass and were prone to obesity. Thus, it is a right strategy to supplement forage only diet of captive spotted deer with 0.5 kg of concentrate.
本实验旨在确定以燕麦和埃及三叶草为基础日粮饲养的圈养梅花鹿，饲喂玉米 - 豆粕 - 麦麸浓缩补充料的最佳水平。12只成年梅花鹿（体重64 - 76千克）被分成三组，每组4只，单独饲养。给每只实验动物提供由5千克燕麦饲料和5.5千克埃及三叶草饲料组成的日粮。第一组动物不接受补充浓缩料，而第二组和第三组动物分别接受0.5千克和1千克补充浓缩料。在试验的第55 - 59天进行了为期5天收集期的60天消化率试验。在实验的第60天从所有动物采集血样。第一组、第二组和第三组的平均每日干物质摄入量（DMI）分别为1224、1613和1574克/天。第一组的干物质（DM）和有机物（OM）摄入量最低（P < 0.01）。第三组的磷、铜和锌摄入量最高（P < 0.01），其次是第二组和第一组。第二组中性洗涤纤维的消化率最高（P < 0.05）。第一组的OM和CP消化率最低（P < 0.05）。第三组总能消化率最高（P < 0.01）（74.9%），其次是第二组（69.3%）和第一组（66.2%）。第三组的可消化能量（DE）摄入量（千卡/千克体重（0.75））最高（P < 0.01）（195.4），其次是第二组（180.9）和第一组（129.8）。第一组、第二组和第三组的初始体重分别为72.7、72.5和71.0千克，而最终体重分别为71.0、72.7和73.5千克。各组间平均每日体重变化差异显著（P < 0.01）。第一组、第二组和第三组的体重分别下降（-29.2克/天）、维持（4.1克/天）和增加（41.6克/天）。第三组的血糖和胆固醇浓度最高（P < 0.05），其次是第二组和第一组。第三组血清铜和锌浓度最高（P < 0.05），其次是第二组和第一组。仅用0.5千克浓缩料混合物补充草料日粮可增加营养物质的摄入量和消化率，且体重无变化。饲喂1千克补充浓缩料的动物摄入的能量超过需求，体重持续增加且容易肥胖。因此，用0.5千克浓缩料补充圈养梅花鹿的仅草料日粮是正确的策略。
