Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
Biomed Mater. 2013 Feb;8(1):014106. doi: 10.1088/1748-6041/8/1/014106. Epub 2013 Jan 25.
Organ transplantation in an orthotopic location is the current treatment for end-stage organ failure. However, the need for transplantable organs far exceeds the number of available donor organs. As a result, new options, such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, have been explored to achieve functional organ replacement. Although there have been many advances in the laboratory leading to the reconstruction of tissue and organ structures in vitro, these efforts have fallen short of producing organs that contain intact vascular networks capable of nutrient and gas exchange and are suitable for transplantation. Recently, advances in whole organ decellularization techniques have enabled the fabrication of scaffolds for engineering new organs. These scaffolds, consisting of naturally-derived extracellular matrix (ECM), provide biological signals and maintain tissue microarchitecture, including intact vascular systems that could integrate into the recipient's circulatory system. The decellularization techniques have led to the development of scaffolds for multiple organs, including the heart, liver, lung and kidney. While the experimental studies involving the use of decellularized organ scaffolds are encouraging, the translation of whole organ engineering into the clinic is still distant. This paper reviews recently described techniques used to decellularize whole organs such as the heart, lung, liver and kidney and describes possible methods for using these matrices for whole organ engineering.
器官移植是治疗终末期器官衰竭的当前方法。然而，对可移植器官的需求远远超过了可供使用的捐赠器官的数量。因此，人们已经探索了新的选择，例如组织工程和再生医学，以实现功能性器官替代。尽管实验室在重建组织和器官结构方面取得了许多进展，但这些努力未能产生包含完整血管网络的器官，这些血管网络能够进行营养和气体交换，并且适合移植。最近，整个器官脱细胞技术的进步使得能够制造用于工程新器官的支架。这些支架由天然衍生的细胞外基质 (ECM) 组成，提供生物信号并维持组织微结构，包括完整的血管系统，可以整合到受者的循环系统中。脱细胞技术已经导致了多种器官的支架的发展，包括心脏、肝脏、肺和肾脏。虽然涉及使用脱细胞器官支架的实验研究令人鼓舞，但将整个器官工程转化为临床应用还很遥远。本文综述了最近描述的用于心脏、肺、肝和肾等整个器官脱细胞的技术，并描述了使用这些基质进行整个器官工程的可能方法。
