UMR 6175 INRA CNRS Université de Tours Haras Nationaux Physiologie de Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013 May;20(5):2771-83. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-1487-2. Epub 2013 Jan 25.
In recent decades, many toxicological tests based on in vivo or in vitro models, mainly from mammalian (rat-mouse) and fish species, were used to assess the risks raised by contact or ingestion of molecules of pharmaceutical, agricultural, or natural origin. But no, or few, in vitro tests using other non-mammalian models such as bird have been explored despite their advantages: the embryonic gonads of birds have a high plasticity of development sensitive to estrogen, and sperm production is nearly two times faster than in rodents. Hence, we have established an in vitro culture of germ cells and somatic cells from chicken post-natal testis, and we have evaluated the sensitivity against the endocrine disruptor compound mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) in comparison to previous studies using rodent and human models. After 96 h of exposure in presence of 10 μM MEHP, chicken seminiferous tubules cultures present a structural alteration, a reduction in cell proliferation and in germ cells population. Apoptosis of germ and somatic cells increases in presence of 1 μM MEHP. Furthermore, MEHP does not affect inhibin B and lactate production by Sertoli cells. These results are in accordance with previous studies using rat, mice, or human culture of testicular cells and in similar range of exposures or even better sensitivity for some "end-points" (biological parameters). In conclusion, the establishment of this postnatal testicular cells culture could be considered as an alternative method to in vivo experiments frequently used for evaluating the impact on the terrestrial wildlife species. This method could be also complementary to mammal model due to the limiting number of animals used and its elevated sensitivity.
近几十年来，许多基于体内或体外模型的毒理学测试，主要来自哺乳动物（大鼠-小鼠）和鱼类，被用于评估接触或摄入药物、农业或天然来源的分子所带来的风险。但是，尽管鸟类等非哺乳动物模型具有优势，例如鸟类的胚胎生殖腺对雌激素具有高度的发育可塑性，并且精子的产生速度比啮齿动物快近两倍，但很少有使用其他非哺乳动物模型的体外测试被探索。因此，我们已经建立了鸡出生后睾丸生殖细胞和体细胞的体外培养，并评估了对内分泌干扰化合物单-(2-乙基己基)邻苯二甲酸酯 (MEHP) 的敏感性，与之前使用啮齿动物和人类模型的研究进行了比较。在存在 10 μM MEHP 的情况下暴露 96 小时后，鸡的生精小管培养物呈现出结构改变、细胞增殖减少和生殖细胞数量减少。在 1 μM MEHP 的存在下，生殖细胞和体细胞的凋亡增加。此外，MEHP 不会影响支持细胞分泌的抑制素 B 和乳酸的产生。这些结果与之前使用大鼠、小鼠或人睾丸细胞培养的研究结果一致，并且在相同的暴露范围内，甚至对某些“终点”（生物参数）具有更好的敏感性。总之，建立这种出生后睾丸细胞培养物可以被视为一种替代方法，用于评估对陆地野生动物物种的影响，而这种方法也可以与哺乳动物模型互补，因为使用的动物数量有限，而且其敏感性更高。
