Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Chin J Cancer Res. 2011 Dec;23(4):245-53. doi: 10.1007/s11670-011-0245-6.
Following the classification of hepatocellular nodules by the International Working Party in 1995 and further elaboration by the International Consensus Group for Hepatocellular Neoplasia in 2009, entities under the spectrum of hepatocellular nodules have been better characterized. Research work hence has been done to answer questions such as distinguishing high-grade dysplastic nodules from early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), delineating the tumor cell origin of HCC, identifying its prognostic markers, and subtyping hepatocellular adenomas. As a result, a copious amount of data at immunohistochemical and molecular levels has emerged. A panel of immunohistochemical markers including glypican-3, heat shock protein 70 and glutamine synthetase has been found to be of use in the diagnosis of small, well differentiated hepatocellular tumors and particularly of HCC. The use of liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), β-catenin, glutamine synthetase, serum amyloid protein and C-reactive protein is found to be helpful in the subtyping of hepatocellular adenomas. The role of tissue biomarkers for prognostication in HCC and the use of biomarkers in subclassifying HCC based on tumor cell origin are also discussed.
根据 1995 年国际工作组的肝细胞结节分类以及 2009 年国际肝细胞肿瘤学共识小组的进一步阐述，肝细胞结节范围内的各种病变得到了更好的描述。因此，开展了研究工作来回答一些问题，如如何将高级别异型增生结节与早期肝细胞癌（HCC）区分开，确定 HCC 的肿瘤细胞起源，识别其预后标志物，并对肝细胞腺瘤进行分型。结果，在免疫组织化学和分子水平上出现了大量的数据。一组免疫组织化学标志物，包括高尔基糖蛋白-3、热休克蛋白 70 和谷氨酰胺合成酶，已被发现可用于诊断小的、分化良好的肝细胞肿瘤，特别是 HCC。肝脂肪酸结合蛋白（L-FABP）、β-连环蛋白、谷氨酰胺合成酶、血清淀粉样蛋白和 C 反应蛋白的使用有助于肝细胞腺瘤的分型。还讨论了组织生物标志物在 HCC 预后中的作用以及基于肿瘤细胞起源对 HCC 进行亚分类中使用生物标志物的问题。
