Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Mar;97(3):531-44. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.045781. Epub 2013 Jan 30.
Maternal fish consumption during pregnancy has been positively associated with cognitive and visual abilities in the offspring, leading to the hypothesis that maternal omega-3 (n-3) long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) supplementation improves children's neurologic and visual development.
The objective was to evaluate the effect of maternal omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation in pregnancy on neurologic and visual development in the offspring.
Five electronic databases were searched. Human randomized controlled trials that supplemented the maternal diet with omega-3 LCPUFAs during pregnancy, or pregnancy and lactation, and that assessed either neurologic or visual development of the offspring were included. Trial quality was assessed, and the results of eligible trials were compared in meta-analyses.
Eleven RCTs involving 5272 participants were included in the review. Most trials had methodologic limitations. No differences in standardized psychometric test scores for cognitive, language, or motor development were observed between the LCPUFA-supplemented and control groups, except for cognitive scores in 2-5-y-old children, in whom supplementation resulted in higher Developmental Standard Scores (mean difference: 3.92; 95% CI: 0.77, 7.08; n = 156; P = 0.01). However, this effect was from 2 trials with a high risk of bias. Because of the variety of visual assessments and age ranges, it was not possible to combine studies with visual outcomes in a meta-analysis, although 6 of the 8 assessments in 5 trials reported no difference between the supplemented and control groups.
The evidence does not conclusively support or refute that omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation in pregnancy improves cognitive or visual development.
孕期母体鱼类摄入与后代的认知和视觉能力呈正相关，这导致了母体ω-3（n-3）长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFA）补充可改善儿童神经和视觉发育的假说。
评估孕期母体 ω-3 LCPUFA 补充对后代神经和视觉发育的影响。
检索了 5 个电子数据库。纳入了在孕期或孕期和哺乳期通过补充母体饮食 ω-3 LCPUFAs 并评估后代神经或视觉发育的人体随机对照试验。评估了试验质量，并对合格试验的结果进行了荟萃分析比较。
本综述共纳入了 11 项涉及 5272 名参与者的 RCT。大多数试验都存在方法学局限性。除了 2-5 岁儿童的认知评分外，在认知、语言或运动发育的标准化心理测试评分方面，补充组与对照组之间没有差异，在补充组中，儿童的发育标准评分更高（平均差异：3.92；95%CI：0.77，7.08；n = 156；P = 0.01）。然而，这种效果来自于 2 项高偏倚风险的试验。由于视觉评估和年龄范围的多样性，无法对具有视觉结果的研究进行荟萃分析，尽管 5 项试验中的 6 项评估报告补充组和对照组之间没有差异。
证据不能明确支持或反驳孕期补充 ω-3 LCPUFA 可改善认知或视觉发育。
