Departments of Paediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, , Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Inj Prev. 2013 Oct;19(5):336-41. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040500. Epub 2013 Jan 30.
Environmental audit tools must be reliable in order to accurately estimate the association between built environmental characteristics and bicycling injury risk.
To examine the inter-rater agreement of a built environment audit tool within a case-control study on the environmental determinants of bicycling injuries.
Auditor pairs visited locations where bicycling injuries occurred and independently recorded location characteristics using the Systematic Pedestrian and Cyclist Environmental Scan (SPACES). Two case groups were defined: (1) where a bicyclist was struck by a motor-vehicle (MV) and (2) where the bicyclist's injuries required hospitalisation. The two corresponding control groups were (1) where non-MV bicycle-related injuries occurred and (2) where minor bicycle-related injuries occurred. Inter-rater reliability of each item on the tool was assessed using observed agreement and κ with 95% CI.
Ninety-seven locations were audited. Inter-observer agreement was generally high (≥95%); most items had a 1-2% difference in responses. Items with ≥5% differences between raters included path condition, slope and obstructions. For land use, path and roadway characteristics, κ ranged from 0.3 for presence of offices and cleanliness to 0.9 for schools and number of lanes; overall, 78% of items had at least substantial agreement (κ≥0.61). For bicyclists struck by a MV the proportion of items with substantial agreement was 60%, compared with 73% for non-MV related injuries. For hospitalisations and minor bicycle-related injuries, 76% of items had substantial agreement.
Agreement was substantial for most, but not all SPACES items. The SPACES provides reliable quantitative descriptions of built environmental characteristics at bicycling injury locations.
环境审计工具必须可靠，以便准确估计建筑环境特征与骑自行车受伤风险之间的关联。
在一项关于骑自行车受伤环境决定因素的病例对照研究中，检验建筑环境审计工具的评分者间一致性。
审计员对发生骑自行车受伤的地点进行了实地考察，并使用系统行人与自行车环境扫描工具（SPACES）独立记录了地点特征。定义了两个病例组：（1）骑自行车者被机动车撞击；（2）骑自行车者受伤需要住院治疗。两个对应的对照组是：（1）非机动车相关自行车受伤；（2）轻微自行车相关受伤。使用观察一致性和 95%CI 下的κ来评估工具中每个项目的评分者间可靠性。
共审核了 97 个地点。观察者间的一致性通常较高（≥95%）；大多数项目的回答差异在 1-2%之间。评分者之间差异≥5%的项目包括路径状况、坡度和障碍物。对于土地利用、路径和道路特征，κ 值从办公室和清洁度的 0.3 到学校和车道数量的 0.9 不等；总体而言，78%的项目具有至少中等一致性（κ≥0.61）。对于被机动车撞击的骑自行车者，具有中等一致性的项目比例为 60%，而非机动车相关受伤的比例为 73%。对于住院和轻微自行车相关受伤，76%的项目具有中等一致性。
大多数 SPACES 项目的一致性较高，但并非所有项目都如此。SPACES 提供了在骑自行车受伤地点进行建筑环境特征的可靠定量描述。
